Gender performativity Essays

GENDER THEORIES Observation ,imitation ,rewards and punishment – these are the mechanisms by which gender develops according to social cognitive theory .Interactions between the child and the social environments are the main keys to gender development in this view .Two cognitive theories-cognitive developmental theory and gender schema theory- *The Cognitive Development Theory of Gender stated that children’s gender typing occurs after children think of themselves as boys and girls. Once they consistently

Bodies are not just defined by biological differences. Sex differences alone, do not determine one’s masculinity or femininity as gender is a social process. Gender is about how one uses their body to express themselves. Bodies become gendered at a very young age through the process of socialisation. Gender can be formally defined as the social differences of being feminine or masculine that are influenced by society (Holmes, 2007, p. 2). Young children are strongly influenced by school, peers and

Eve undergoes a process of changing his gender from male to female. The fascinating story reflects Carter’s view that gender is performative. To illustrate gender as a set of repetitive performance and has little to do with biological sex, Carter creates a all-woman city, Beulah. The women living in Beulah are not necessarily born female, that is, they also become women through various procedures. Eve, who was born male, serves as a typical example of gender identity is performative. After being kidnapped

framework of Moya Lloyd’s article called “Performativity, Parody and Politics” and talk about what gender is all about, then I will move on to Susie Orbach theory and talk about the messages she has written in her books on how we are bombarded by the Westren ideals and how this affects the appearance of the black female body. Finally I will discuss two current examples in the media on how black female body is looked upon. Moya Lloyd’s article called “Performativity, Parody and Politics” is about how

and artist Claude Cahun does in her art. She challenges the ways in which gender and sexuality and performed and perceived, and showcase the viewpoint of the other, the androgynous and queer body. Although Cahun predates contemporary feminism and feminist theory, she perfectly exemplifies many different themes which are often highlighted, including authorship, representation, biological determinism, and gender performativity, the last of which will be highlighted in this essay. Although Cahun predates

of meaning to them and because of this much gendered approach to dressing, there has always been a strict limit to what gender can wear what. Gender roles and specific ways that each sex should act are culturally assigned to men and women and are reinforced by the use of clothing as they highly emphasize the qualities of biological sex. Fashion is something that promotes gender stereotypes of femininity and masculinity and this is represented in clothing, hairstyles, shoes,

commercialization limit individual expression by promoting harmful gender stereotypes. Gould uses symbolism to highlight the connection between the performativity of gender and its commercialization, suggesting that society’s perception of the gender binary is commodified and largely cultivated by capitalist interests. Immediately, the Xperiment's exorbitant cost is used as a symbol to demonstrate the profound integration of gender roles in society. Gould notes the irony in how expensive the project

and queer theory. My intent would be to use this theoretical foundation to explore patriarchies impact in shaping and constraining gender norms and expressions for queer subjects, and the resultant effects on violence. Through gender performativity I could explore heterosexuality and gender roles as a performance based in repetition, and how that impacts queer gender expression (Butler, 1993). Queer theory can operate in a number of ways in my research. That is, Queer Theory, meaning theorizing about

As with all theories, this feminist approach to Louise Halfe’s “Body Politics” does not come without its flaws. While it can be argued that this poem criticizes the performativity of feminine gender roles in a patriarchal society, this cannot be proven definitively without knowing the author’s original intentions. Furthermore, the poem does not give its readers enough information to conclude that the society the women live in is in fact a patriarchal society. This becomes evident, as there is no

also talks about gender performativity and drag. She talks about how gender performativity gets misconstrued and argues that many theorists use performativity to explain how gender roles are like clothes that we put on and take off

female, white, black, citizen, noncitizen” (2-3). Being the most popular remediation of the Batman over the past two decades, the Dark Knight Trilogy reveals contemporary attitudes of mainstream Hollywood film to issues revolving around sexuality and gender as two of the core facets of identity. In particular, the representation of masculinity,

place where women and men are both perfect and cannot embrace change, and includes a new ending to demonstrate gender inequalities progression. James Tiptree Jr.'s short story, The Women Men Don’t See, was published in 1973. In their novel, Tiptree showcased the struggles in genders in which both men's and women’s gender are defined in expectations and desires. Tiptree writes out that gender is a social construct by presenting white dominant males’ points of view to present a society where women are

biologically born as one? Or do I identify as a male, because of my appearance and my behavior? The stare raises questions, and those questions not only puts me in such a uncomfortable position but, it also confuses me. Grealy’s disability and my gender identity seems to have individuals off-guard, as if their stare demands us to engage them first, but I like to think of it in a way how Thompson puts it as “starees, or course, arestomtimes relyectant participants in their starers visual search for

will focus on the issues addressed by Mary Wollstonecraft in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: with Strictures on Political and Moral Subject (1792), Simone de Beauvoir in The Second Sex (1949), and on the concept ‘Gender Performativity’, developed by Judith Butler in her Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (1990). Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Woman is considered to be one of the earliest works of feminist philosophy, although the term ‘feminist’ and

Butler’s account of gender differs from the traditional essentialist accounts of gender which are rooted in one’s supposed biological sex, by arguing that the traditional essentialist account is oppressive as it forces individuals to identity as either male or female and this in turn represses desires, actions, thoughts and the way of living of the individuals; these do not correspond with the assigned sex or gender (Butler 279). The result of this oppression is the normalized binary gender classifications

Judith Butler’s Gender Trouble (1990) and Bodies that Matter (1993) works are fundamental texts of study for this thesis. Both works are deeply influenced specially by French structuralism and post-structuralism schools of thought. In Gender Trouble, Butler deconstructs the established, normative, Western construction of the Gay/Straight and hetero/homosexual binaries to discuss the lack of perspective regarding the heterogeneity of sexual identity and diversity as it is present in twentieth century

decades. Notions of gender and sexuality are constantly being re-signified by a tendency to understand fragmented identities in terms of sex and gender distinctions. The debate has been centered on the idea of queerness as a question of being vs. doing. It became widely-accepted during the last century when homosexuality was accepted as something you were born with. However, with the recent development of Queer Theory, the body and the complex relationship between sex and gender began to progressively

important to understand that violence against women as gender-based violence because it is a global issue that affects woman around the world and it is being understood as a human rights issue. Gender-based violence is the normative expectation that men have control over women within the context of society. It is the imbalance of power between men and women, specifically towards men and women who are seen as gender differentiated. Examples of gender-based violence are street harassment, rape and domestic

Judith Butler is an American philosopher, gender theorist, and feminist who has significantly impacted political, feminist, and queer theory, as well as an array of other disciplines with her research and writings on gender. It is specifically her concept of gender performativity that has largely shaped modern feminism and gender theory and contributed largely to our current understanding of gender (Duignan). This theory originates from her book Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity

change the fact that the use of this homophobic language is wrong and not a viable solution. However, there are artists who currently resist the masculine gender representation of rap, hip hop and even alternative R&B. In Frederik Dhaenens’ “Resistant masculinities in alternative R&B? Understanding Frank Ocean and The Weeknd’s representations of gender” he writes, “Hegemonic R&B and hip hop masculinity is grafted onto a history of racism and systematic oppression by White Americans of African-American