Generative linguistics Essays

Critical Discourse Analysis The term Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is used interchangeably with Critical Linguistics (CL). Nonetheless, since not long ago it seems that CDA is preferred to speak of the theory formerly known as CL. CDA considers language a social practice (cf. Fairclough: 1989). This theory regards the social context in which the language is used as crucial. Critical Discourse Analysis directs much of its attention and dedicates a substantial amount of research to the relation

hearer establishes this by referring to the sequential context - “the back of the garden” (L.10), which was uttered in the first part of the adjacency pair. The child’s utterance foregrounds the new location, and takes the sequence further in a ‘new linguistic format’ (Seedhouse, 2013,

Discourse analysis is a branch of linguistics and it is the study of the language found in texts, with the consideration of in which situation it is used, whether it is a cultural or social context. It is the study of language, whether it is written or spoken. The study of language can be divided into three ways, which are “language beyond the level of a sentence, language behaviors linked to social practices and language as a system of thoughts”. Discourse analysis depends on analyzing the language

The chunking theory has a place in second language acquisition, albeit limited in certain instances that will not assure desirable learning outcomes when applied exclusively. Chunking plays a crucial role in mastering grammar for the second language. The essence of chunks offers an explanation on how human beings are able to cope with cognitive limitations associated with memory, learning rates and attention to meet the demands of the environment. This follows that it is challenging for the second

allowing people to communicate with each other. Arbitrary is the relationship between language’s elements and their meaning. The next key feature is structure that means that the pattern of symbols is not arbitrary, and it shows how complex it is. Generative is the simple components of language that can be used to form many different meanings and dynamic is a key feature because language and grammar are constantly changing and new words are being discovered. It is said that once individuals understand

referring to the rules that are already existing in the memory as like the theory of Chomsky's generative grammar. Control has the approach to these competence and cognitive rules that are used in the form of the utterance of acts and in the production of utterances (Bsilstok and Sharwood-Smith, 1985). All the innate and inner theories are having some flaws due to the empirical proofs, and the linguistic theories are not able to describe the language fully. But these provide sufficient knowledge to

We use language everyday .we spoken language, face to face, as a means of communication and written language allows us to record and hold and hold on to our history across generations .language itself is very complex .Its phonological system is so complex we are having a number of words and their production is totally different from each other and their meanings too. Its lexis of some 55,000 to 100,000 terms we have and with the passage of times it. Language allows us to express our ideas, describe

The western intellectual enquiry has undergone tremendous attitudinal as well as perceptional change over the years. The modifications are necessitated by the socio-political predicament of the ages gone into the repository of the past. Innumerable movements and isms have proficiently supplied ideas and ideologies to interpret the literary text from divergent perspective. “If there is such a thing as literary theory, then it would seem obvious that there is something called literature which it is

for living. This shows that English language not just a set of corpus, but more to the usage and the needs in real communication among the language users. Many of English language researches have investigated the content within ELC. For instance, IELTS Official Test Centre is a strong reference in evaluating and promoting English language by running English schools in Asian countries such as China, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Japan and so on, since 1988. Under IELTS, English language proficiency

Narrative is generally accepted as possessing two components: the story presented and the process of its telling. A story can be presented in two basic ways, as a linear narrative and as a non-linear narrative. Linear narratives follow a straight line and non-linear narratives usually start at in the middle or in the height of conflict. Casablanca and Memento are two films which contrast in narrative approaches. Structure in narrative film can be thought of as the arrangement of scenes and sequences

In How to Read a Poem, Eagleton gives the following definition of a poem: ‘A poem is a fictional, verbally inventive moral statement, in which it is the author who decides where the lines should end’. In this definition, the main matters are ‘fictional’, ‘verbal inventiveness’ and ‘morality’. How to Read a Poem gives many explanations and examples of these matters that are discussed in his definition. Fiction, morality and verbal inventiveness all work together to help the author decide where the

PART ONE After completing the Honey and Mumford Learning Styles questionnaire (1992), my results were the following: 13 activist, 12 theorist, 10 pragmatist and my highest was on the reflector with a score of 16. The learning styles show the understanding that we, as people, learn in a different way. In theory, one’s learning style indicates the preferred way in which we absorb, progress, understand and retain information. In addition, understanding one’s individual learning style will help choose

Language and thought were always seen as two different processes, where thought was always taken as the main process. Language was just seen as means of communication, a process of expressing our thoughts to other people, and so, a thought came first, which means that language was developed as that thought was put to words. But then, we later realized that the way a person speaks affects the way they think, and that people of different languages think in different ways. That is why in George Orwell’s

To begin, I am convinced that the Bennets stages of denial, defence, minimisation, acceptance, adaptation and Integration all overlap, and it is therefore very difficult to be just at one stage at one particular time. Having said that, I believe that Bennet’s stage of ‘Adaptation’ best represents the stage to which my intercultural sensitivity has progressed. The English culture is one which has predominantly shaped who I am as a person so, although I am relatively accustomed to the Dutch culture

He never speaks of a god, but realizing that the shell has been there long before man, sheds light on his religious belief. He realizes how different the world would be without the creation of mankind, shows a sense of religion in his writing. Last, Stephens makes his transformation clear in the lines “In the hush of waters was the sound”, “And then I loosed my ear- O it was sweet.” This shows that Stephens realizes his thought of a perfect life, would be far worse than reality. Although in James

How do authors generate ideas when writing? Many authors shape their works by reflecting on occurrences in their lives. While some utilize positive occurrences, more often than not, poets incorporate unpleasant experiences in their compositions. Mary Oliver exhibits this technique by incorporating her tough childhood into her poetry. “…with words, I could build a world I could live in. I had a very dysfunctional family, and a very hard childhood. So I made a world out of words. And it was my salvation”

Among the four language skills, reading comprehension has always been the main concern of Iranian ESP instructors (Farhadi, 2005; Sajadi & Oghabi, 2011; Tabatabaei, 2007). In a similar vein, Iranian university students regard reading comprehension as the most important skill (Sajadi & Oghabi, 2011). Williams (1984) classifies reading materials into three categories: (1) getting general information from a text, (2) getting specific information from a text, (3) for pleasure and for interest. Harmer

‘Thinking Through the Male Gaze’ The aim of this paper is to present a position in relation to the function on the male gaze in performance art. For the purpose of this paper, the male gaze theory will be examined through the work of Yoko Ono’s ‘Cut Piece’ (1964). In order to do this, this paper will first introduce the history of the male gaze theory. This paper will then introduce the work of Yoko Ono and her performance ‘Cut Piece’. Having introduced all the above, this paper will have laid out

. Advertising and Morphology There is strong relationship between morphology and advertising, the prefixes and suffixes tend to be of infrequent occurrence, and the copywriter stick or used this simple word to the complex word, for example the word super is used in a peculiar way to advertising as a means of intensifying an adjective, or verb stem superfine, on the other hand the suffix –y-which is highly productive in colloquial, greedy, poppy, mummy. But sometimes the variety of these adjective

The concept of interpenetration implies that, however important logical closure may be as a theoretical ideal, empirically social systems are conceived as open systems, engaged in complicate processes of interchange with environing systems (an outline of the social system). The environing systems are cultural, personality systems, the physical environment and the behaviour of the other subsystems. This idea also applies to social systems and their subsystems each of which is an open systems changing