Hexane Essays

Grishma Patel Chloroplast Pigments and Colored Light Absorption Summary The purpose of executing this lab was to see how different wavelengths and colors of light are absorbed by chloroplast pigments. The goal was to see the variations of light dependant reactions of photosynthesis based on different types of light. Spinach was used by grinding it with acetone and acquire the thylakoids used in the experiment. DCIP was used in this experiment as the oxidizing agent that will turn blue to clear when

Hexane-Octane Results The mixture that was used in this simple distillation experiment was hexane and octane. During the time the first fraction of hexane-octane mixture was collected, the temperature range was discovered to be at 41.9°C -42.5 °C. The peak area of the first fraction appeared to be 95.70 at 0.710 minutes, and 4.30% at 1.38 minutes. During the second fraction, the temperature ranges was discovered to be at 43.2°C-47.8°C. The peak area of the second fraction appeared to be 100% at

separation due to the varying solubility of compounds in different solvents. Hexane, being the less polar solvent, interacts mainly with the less polar analytes but very slowly with polar analytes. Therefore using hexane at the start of the elution process allows the less polar compound to be eluted out first. After the complete collection of less polar analyte, the mobile phase was changed to the more polar hexane/ethyl acetate solvent, which has stronger interaction with the more polar component

Instructor: Dr. Beatrix Aukszi LA: Paige Swalley 09/23/2014 Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to fractionally distill a hexane/toluene mixture and to analyze the fractions. It is hypothesized that the first fraction will contain only hexane, the second a mixture of both, and the third just toluene. In order to separate the toluene and the hexane a Hickman still set-up was used. Once the mixture was distilled into the three fractions an IR machine analyzed the results. The hypothesis

3) The method used was the liquid/liquid extraction because it was able to separate the non polar product in the organic hexane layer and remove the impurities in a polar water layer. This process was repeated numerous times to get rid of as many impurities as possible. After separation, DME was added to the organic layer to remove water impurities which then was further purified by roto-vaporation. This technique also was useful in removing impurities and to separate the liquids from the product

Solvent n-hexane, ethyl acetate and acetone will use to elute the column in isolation of chemical constituents of figeroots chloroform partition. The solvent system of different ratios of hexane, hexane/ethyl acetate, hexane/acetone, and acetone will use. Silica gel 60 (mesh 230-400 ASTM) will use to pack CC. In order to achieve good separation, mass ratio of silica gel to compound 20:1and 50:1 will use. 3.10.2Column Packing Before starting to pack a column, a small piece of cotton is gently will

Abstract: The purpose of this lab was to separate hexane and toluene from a mixture by collecting fractions of both hexane and toluene through simple distillation. Because hexane and toluene have different boiling points they distill at different times and can be separated easily. We found the refractive index by putting our collected fractions in a refractometer. Once we knew the refractive index we could figure out the percentage of both hexane and toluene in the solution. The first fraction was

The purpose of this experiment was to use simple and fractional distillation to separate a mixture of hexane and toluene. In this experiment, the mixture of hexane and toluene in a bottom flask was heated with a boiling chip. Heating the mixture cause it to form vapor, and the condensation of vapor was collected as distillate. The temperature was recorded for every .5 mL collected in each set up and was later plotted to compare the difference between each distillation. The main difference between

this experiment pigments in capsicum annuum or red pepper were separated. Four different eluates with different colors were produced from the column by adding eluents through the column. Keywords: capsicum annuum, eluate, eluent, dichloromethane, hexane Introduction Red Pepper Capsicum annuum or commonly known as red pepper is widely cultivated and found in tropical deciduous forests. Capsicum annuum(red pepper) is composed of six carotenoids: capsanthin, β-carotene, violaxanthin, cryptoxanthin,

The amount product formed was 0.146g, and the percent yield of the product was 42.55%. The possible cause of the low percent yield maybe as the reaction was washed with hexane, the pipette may have removed some of the crystals. Another possible cause maybe there was some crystal left in the reaction tube when the reaction was being placed into the

after 60 seconds it was determined the compound was insoluble in water. Similarly, to water it was found that hexane which in non polar was semi soluble. The only soluble solvent was methyl alcohol which was detected after 20 seconds. When determining the solubility of malonic acid in different solvents both water and methyl alcohol were found to be polar when mixed with malonic acid. Hexane however was insoluble. Lastly biphenyl was mixed with water and was found to be insoluble, methyl alcohol was

extract and what type of solvent was being used. Beginning the chromatography, we used hexanes because they were the least polar which extracted the least polar molecule from the extract (carotenes). The carotenes did not want to elute initially, so we barely increased the polarity by adding one drop of acetone to a large portion of hexanes. Once this extract was completed, we switched to using a 75/25 hexanes/acetone solution to elute the next least polar molecule(s) which

This experiment aims to identify the pigments in spinach using column chromatography. The two categories of pigments which exist in spinach are carotenoids and chlorophylls. β-Carotene is non-polar and is a series of repeated isoprene units, see Figure 1 for structure. It varies from α-Carotene by the double bond on the left carbon ring which is shifted over to the left by one set of carbons in α. The chlorophylls are also similar; however, β has a higher polarity than α. Their structures are

The 1:1 hexane to ethyl acetate solvent resulted in the best separation because it not only showed extra spots that the other solvent mixtures did not have, but also the 4 spots were relatively dispersed with Rf values at 0.77, 0.56, 0.27, and 0.10 (Figure 2). Missing spots were also noted on the hexane only TLC plate. The orange eluent was ultimately chosen as our major product because it had significantly

with ethyl acetate, hexane, toluene, DCM as solvent to separate a mixture. The stock solution is a mixture of benzophenone, biphenyl, and diphenyl methanol. The last trial include the comparison with the standard using the best solvent. It was predicted that toluene and hexane were the best solvent to elute a nonpolar mixture. Since the stationary phase is a silica gel that is polar, the solvent has to be nonpolar in order avoid the like to like interaction. Toluene and hexane were selected for

From the experiment, the amounts of chlorpyrifos for three samples were identified. Based on the peaks, the retention times of the samples were between 6.711 until 6.714 minutes. The sample amount of standard was 30ppm. The response factor of the standard sample amount calculated for the standard sample was 11202 Hz s-1/s. Then, from the response factor, the amount of chlorpyrifos could calculate by dividing peak area with response factor. The average amount of chlorpyrifos in sample 1, sample 2

Aspirin, Ibuprofen, and Naproxen Na were retested again for further comparison. The 75% ethyl acetate-25% hexane solvent was reused for the third plate because it gave the best separation between the components within the mixture. The spots were evenly spaced out across the TLC plate. The other solvents the two partners used had adequate separation; however, the 75% ethyl acetate-25% hexane solvent attained the best separation. A solvent that is too polar will cause the compounds to travel too much

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residue (PR) grade and were purchased from SDFCL Fine Che-Limited. Dichloromethane (DCM), acetone, hexane (HPLC grade), sodium chloride (AR grade) were procured from SDFCL Fine Che-Limited. Analytical standards of 4, 4, DDT and HCH were purchased from Sigma Aldrich Laborchemikalien GmbH. The standard solutions (1.0 μg/mL) of individual and the mixture of organochlorine pesticides were prepared in hexane. Millipore Milli-Q purified water was used throughout the experiment. All the glassware was acid

100 µl of Retinyl acetate were added into 12 X 100mm glass test tubes. Vortex-mixed for 30 seconds. Then, kept them at 4 C for 5 mins. 2) 1mL of hexane was added and vortex-mixed intermittently for 60 sec. 3) Centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 12 mins. Upper hexane layer (supernatant) was transferred carefully into another test tube. 4) Evaporated the hexane under a stream of grade 1 nitrogen gas and added 100 µl of methanol to the residue left and vortexed for 1 min. 5) Injected 100 µl of extract in