Metformin Essays

Metformin is Category B, which means that studies in animals did not show harm to the fetus but there are not adequate, controlled studies that have been conducted in pregnant women making it difficult to determine the possible risk to the fetus (Edmunds &

Ameya J. Limaye PMCY 6510 Take Home Final Exam A. Reference drug product: Janumet XR (sitagliptin phosphate and metformin HCl extended release tablets) Selected dosage strength: 50mg sitagliptin, 500mg metformin (once daily for naïve patients currently not treated with metformin) B. Active pharmaceutical ingredients: 1. Sitagliptin: Sitagliptin is an orally-active inhibitor of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme. Inhibition of DPP-4 prevents breakdown of GLP-1and GIP and allows for an extended

Question / Problem: What is the evidence to recommend Trulicity (dulaglutide) to a patient who has uncontrolled glucose control, and is on metformin and insulin (levemir) and non- adherence to the insulin. Response: The trulicity is a non-insulin injectable with dosing regimen of once weekly dosing. These agents work by activating GLP-1 receptors in the pancreas, which leads to enhanced insulin release and reduced glucagon release-responses that are both glucose-dependent-with a consequent low

suffering. One of these drugs is Metformin. Metformin is used to treat a medical condition known as type 2 diabetes is a condition

best drugs which will be effective in controlling blood glucose levels in a particular patient such as Junamet. What is Junamet? It is a prescription drug available in the form of a tablet and given to patients who have been on a maximum dose of Metformin but their blood glucose hasn’t been effectively controlled.

CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE INTRODUCTION The pancreas is a glandular organ in the upper abdomen, it is considered into two glands and have different of action, these are the endocrine and exocrine gland. In the endocrine part it is responsible for the production of hormones in the so-called islets of Langerhans. In the islets it contains endocrine cells which produce specific cells called an Alpha cell which is responsible for the release of the hormone glucagon, the Beta cells which releases

Diabetes is a long-term disease that cause high blood sugar levels. I Have chosen this disease becuase my father has this disease so I am a little familiar with it. Below I will explain to you the two types of diabetes, healthful behaviors you can do to avoid diabetes and possible treatments for the disease. Diabetes have no symptoms but they do come in two types. Type 1 diabetes can go unnoticed but is less likely to do so. Type 2 diabetes used to be known as adult-onset diabetes and noninsulin-dependent

It is imperative to emphasise to Mr Thompson to realise that taking the correct dose and consistent with his medications such as, metformin, Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE inhibitor) and testing his blood sugar as they will assist him in achieving normoglycaemia, Metformin and ACE inhibitor will assist to lower blood pressure and is not a quick fix but also require to lose some weight (NICE 2009). He should also be informed about other potential problems related with his conditions such as erectile

transvaginal ultrasound and had told her that she had multiple bilateral ovarian cysts. At that same time, her OB-GYN had prescribed her metformin; however, she never had the prescription filled since she became unemployed shortly thereafter and lost her insurance coverage. She states she “had no idea” what he had diagnosed her with and why she had to take metformin if she was not

of diabetes mellitus type II in Cambodia. Health Econ Rev 4: 24, 2014. 16.Chirakup S, Chaiyakunapruk N, Chaikledkeaw U, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of thiazolidinediones in uncontrolled type 2 diabetic patients receiving sulfonylureas and metformin in Thailand. Value Health 11(1): S43-51, 2008. 17. Goh SY, Tan SC, Lim LC, Chua B, Hunt B. Cost-effectiveness of switching from biphasic human insulin (BHI) to biphasic insulin aspart 30 (BIAsp-30) in type 2 diabetes patients with suboptimal glycaemic

Aim: To conduct pharmacoeconomic evaluation of oral-hypoglycemic agents using cost effectiveness analysis. Methodology: The study was conducted in a hospital at Bangalore for 9 months period. In-patients who were diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (type 2 DM) and were receiving treatment specifically with oral-hypoglycemic agent(s) were included in the study. Various treatment-related expenses were determined and tabulated from patient case note. The data obtained was introduced to cost-effectiveness

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 1) Orlistat Tetrahydrolipstatin commonly known as orlistat is a lipstatin derivative, produced naturally from Streptomyces toxytricini. It is an effective irreversible inhibitor of gastric and pancreatic lipases (Borgstrom, 1988; Hadvary et al., 1988). 2) Chemical Structure Figure 1: Chemical structure of orlistat (Al-Suwailem et al., 2006) Chemically orlistat is (S)-2-formylamino-4-methyl-pentanoic acid (S)-1-[[(2 S, 3 S)-3-hexyl-4-oxo-2-oxetanyl] methyl]-dodecyl ester

years of clinical trial program run named Diabetes prevention program (Steinberg et al., 2011). It consisted of two groups one focused on changing lifestyle while another focused on metformin (diabetes medicine). The result showed that there was 585 percent reduction in high risk adults with intensive lifestyle while metformin group had only 31% success. After the program ended, follow up showed that although most of the members went back to previous habit but still the diabetes

weakness noted bilaterally; hands and feet are cool to touch; no clubbing noted. Patient has +1 pitting edema that extends to the mid-calf. Geriatric Depression scale score > 10, indicating mild depression Patient’s current medications include metformin (Glucophage), insulin human regular (HumuLIN R), warfarin (Coumadin), furosemide (Lasix), carvedilol (Coreg), captopril (Capoten), potassium (KDur), thiamine (Thiamilate), multi-vitamin (One-A-Day), trazadone (Desyrel), moxifloxicin (Avelox), amiodarone

I visited with Andre today before he left for the Boys and Girls Club (BGCA). Tracy Crawford is an excellent foster parent. Andre attends BGCA five days a week where he not only enjoys his favorite sport, basketball; in addition to learning socialization skills. Andre is earning an allowance by performing chores, which are switched weekly. He says he is saving to buy that phone that I have been advocating for, since January. He is learning responsibility (e.g., cooking, doing his laundry, keeping

KIDNEY AND TYPE 2 D.M Normal Glucose Homeostasis Normal Glucose Homeostasis reflects a Balance of glucose Production, absorption, and Excretion • A delicate balance between several regulatory processes maintains glucose within a narrow range of ~80-120 mg/d L throughout the day • Hormonal regulation – Insulin: glucose utilization and production – Glucagon: hepatic glucose production (together with insulin) • Organs – Liver: glucose production (via glucose formation and formation of glucose

Obesity has become a public health epidemic. The number of pediatric and adolescent patients who are overweight or obese has more than doubled over the last two decades. Statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO) indicate that in 2013, 42 million children worldwide were overweight or obese (WHO, 2015). Obesity is defined as excess amounts of adipose tissue that may cause increased risk for mortality and morbidity. A body mass index (BMI) ≥25 is overweight, and a BMI of ≥30 is obese.

DOI: 6/12/2006. Patient is a 56-year-old male skid maker who sustained a work-related injury to his lower back when he bent over to pick up a tubing and felt a pull in his back. Per the procedure note dated 03/12/15, the patient underwent right L4-5 and L5-S1 facet injections. EMG/nerve conduction studies dated 06/02/16 demonstrated right S1 radiculopathy. MRI of the lumbar spine dated 06/06/16 showed degenerative changes in the caudal lumbar spine with chronic disc degeneration and small right

ID#513295 who entered the trailer to locate the body and declared time of death at 1934 hours. Roberts did not disturb the body, nor the scene. The deceased was later identified by his Florida Drivers License as William Gilley. I spoke with the property managers Mike Kenny, and Brian Fannon. Kenny advised they received a call from Gilley's boss who grew concerned when he had called out sick and then did not show up for work on 10/22/15 when he was scheduled. Kenny, and Fannon went to conduct a

Diabetes Education Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic diseases in which either insulin is not produced or the body does not respond. This causes extreme changes in blood glucose and can negatively affect multiple body systems. Statistics of 2014 state, an estimated 387 million people worldwide have diabetes, with type 2 DM making up approximately 90% of the cases. This represents 8.3% of the adult population. The term "type 1 diabetes" has come to represent several commonly used terms, including childhood-onset