Restriction enzyme Essays

Restriction Enzyme Digestion Four microtest tubes were acquired and LA and SD were written on all of the tubes. How to function a micropipette was introduced and 10uL of the buffer was added to all four tubes. In test tube one: 15uL of DNA 1, and 15uL of enzyme 1 were added. In test tube two: 15uL of DNA 1, and 15uL of enzyme 2 were added. In test tube three: 15uL of DNA 2, and 15uL of enzyme 1 were added. In test tube four: 15uL of DNA 2, and 15uL of enzyme 2 were added. The tubes were shaken and

Function of Restriction Enzymes: Restriction endonucleases cleave the phosphodiester bond between an adjacent phosphate and deoxyribose group in the phosphate backbone of the DNA. The active site of the endonuclease perform this cleavage by binding to the side chain of certain amino acids to the phosphate group through a chemical bond. This dissolves the preexisting bond between the deoxyribose sugar and the phosphate resulting in a breakage with in the DNA chain at a specific location. (3, 7) One

according to size. During our study we pondered on one particular question; whose blood was left at the crime scene in the AP biology classroom? Before carrying out our experiment we learned about the process of gel electrophoresis and the use restriction enzymes. After analyzing our results, we decided to reject our hypothesis because our experiment showed strong evidence against what we originally hypothesized. Introduction: Gel electrophoresis is a process that is used to separate fragments of DNA

digesting proteins and special digestive enzymes known restriction enzymes, these restriction enzyme are able to a cut or cleave the viral DNA molecule into many different pieces thereby destroying the viral DNA and deactivating the viral DNA. There are many different types of restriction enzymes that exist in nature and each restriction enzyme cleaves a longer DNA molecule at a specific location on that double stranded DNA molecule. Different types of restriction enzyme also recognize a different sequences

structure and conformation or shape, which enables it to carry out a specific function in a living cell. Proteins comprise the complex muscle system and the connective tissue network, and they are important as carriers in the blood system. All enzymes are proteins, enzymes All proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen. Most protein contain sulfur and some additional element. For example, milk proteins contain phosphorus and hemoglobin and myoglobin contain iron. Copper and zinc also are constituents

Forensic sciences is the term given to an examination and investigation of a crime using scientific means. Forensic science is a fundamental instrument for the recognition or investigation of crime and the ruling of justice, depending on data and information about the evidence found at crime scene. The validity of those results relies on the knowledge, abilities, and experience of the forensic scientist attempting to get them. A forensic researcher must be equipped for incorporating learning and

are arrays of repeating short base sequences and their repetition varies. These repeating base sequences create individual variation of distances between recognition sites. P. 9 #6: What are “RFLPs” and what is their significance? [2] RFLPs are restriction fragment length polymorphisms. If an allele separates two recognition sites and the same allele contains repeating base sequences, the variance in the base sequence repetition length will create different distances between the recognition sites

INTRODUCTION Enzymes are biological catalyst that alters the chemical reaction rate without itself being altered which reacts with the substrate and converts the enzyme substrate complex into different molecules – product. Enzyme plays the consequential role in functioning of life process such as for growth, digestion of nutrients, excretion of metabolic waste, energy provider to brain and muscles and thus directly or indirectly involved in every biological processing of life. Apart from numerous

Galactosemia Introduction: Galactosemia (a high blood level of galactose) is caused by lack of one of the enzymes necessary for metabolizing galactose, a sugar present in lactose (milk sugar). Galactosemia is a clinically heterogeneous autosomal recessive congenital disorder of metabolism. Galactosemia is mostly observed in new born babies. There are two types of galactosemia in found, Classic galactosemia and variant Galactosemia  Classic galactosemia, results in potentially fatal complications

2. DRUG PROFILE 2.1 Description of Pitavastatin: Pitavastatin is a inhibitor of HMG-CoA enzyme reductase. It is aoral synthetic lipid-lowering agent. The chemical name for Pitavastatin is (+) mono calciumbis {(3R, 5S, 6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-quinolyI]-3,5dihydroxy-6-heptenoate} The structural formula is: Figure 05: Pitavastatin Chemical structure

1.0 Introduction Oxalates which refer to any salt or ester of oxalic acid are common constituents of plants and are found in the majority of plant families. They occur either as free acids, soluble salts of potassium, sodium and magnesium and the insoluble salt of calcium. The amount of oxalates in plants ranges from a few percent of dry weight to up to 80% of the total weight of plants. (Garcia-Fernandez et al., 2014) The amount of oxalates in plants ranges from a few percent of dry weight to up

Practical Report- Diffusion in Agar Cubes Sabrina Turtur- Stage 1 Biology Introduction Diffusion is the movement of particles (atoms, ions or molecules) from an area in which they are in higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. It continues until the concentration of substances is the same throughout. The act of diffusion occurs in respiration, photosynthesis and osmosis. Without it, cells would not receive the nutrients they need to resume stability. Commonly, molecules found within

Biological catalysts called enzymes are made by living cells and increase biochemical reactions that take place. Enzymes are globular proteins having a multiplex 3-dimensional structure, can increase the rate of chemical reactions without themselves being changed. Enzymes transform substrates into a product. Enzymes have a region called the active site. This is because a substrate has specific chemical properties that satisfy the chemical properties of the active site. Enzymes quicken reactions by decreasing

of stopped enzyme assay to study B-galactosidase is to determine the effect of temperature and concentrations of substrate on enzyme activity. B-galactosidase breaks down the disaccharide lactose into simple sugars glucose and galactose. However, glucose is a colorless compound hence it has to be substituted with a compound that is detectable by a visible color change. Hence,

M (pH 7.0). The homogenate was then centrifuged. The supernatant was then used as enzyme extract. • Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 2mM) in phosphate buffer (3.0ml) was taken in an experimental cuvette, followed by the rapid addition of 40μl of enzyme extract and mixed thoroughly. • The time required for a decrease in absorbance by 0.05 units was recorded at 240nm in a spectrophotometer (Genesys 10-S, USA). • The enzyme solution containing H2O2-free phosphate buffer

The effects of alcohol on Biological Membranes. Introduction In this experiment it will be analysed the damage alcohols can have on biological membranes. Membranes are made up of lipids and proteins. Membranes usually help maintain the balance in a cell as it holds all the cellular materials. There are various membranes and all have a variation of functions. The tonoplast in beets, contains a water-soluble red pigment called betacyanin, this pigment is what gives the beetroots is distinctive purpleish

ABSTRACT To catalyze a reaction, an enzyme will grab on (bind) to one or more reactant molecules. In this experiment we examined how increasing the volume of the extract added to the reaction would affect the rate of the reaction. The enzyme used was horseradish peroxidase which helps catalyze hydrogen peroxide. Using different pH levels, the absorbance rate of the reaction was measured to see at which condition the enzyme worked best. The rates of absorption were calculated using a spectrophotometer

Leah Romero 10/30/2017 Conclusion Lab 3 Chem 102L In lab 3, fundamentals of chromatography, the purpose was to examine how components of mixtures can be separated by taking advantage of different in physical properties. A huge process in this lab was paper chromatography, which was used to isolate food dyes that are found in different drink mixes. The different chromatograms of FD&C dyes were compared to identify which dyes are present in each of the mixes. Chromatograms where made for the known

Catalyse Enzyme Experiment. Enzymes are biological catalysts. They speed up chemical reactions which go on inside living things. Without them reactions would be so slow that life would grind to halt. These are examples that can decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide. The temperature of the liver The surface area of the liver The Ph. of the hydrogen peroxide The concentration of the enzymes The variables I am going to look at are, different Temperatures in hot water baths, and one with an ice

Sustained release formulations maintain a constant level plasma concentration of drug so that multiple and night dosing can be avoided. Terbutaline sulphate is a β2 stimulant drug which is having a very short half-life of less than 4 hours. It is available in sustained release ‘once a day’ formulation. This study was to formulate and evaluate microspheres of Terbutaline sulphate for sustained release preparation by solvent evaporation technique using ethyl cellulose (EC) and hydroxyl propyl methyl