"Porphyria's Lover" is a dramatic monologue by Robert Browning that tells the story of a man who strangles his lover, Porphyria, to preserve a perfect moment in which she was entirely his own. The poem explores themes of love, obsession, and madness, as the speaker justifies his actions by believing that Porphyria's wish was to be with him forever.
In the poem, "Porphyria" likely doesn't refer to the medical condition that affects the skin and nervous system. It possibly hints at Porphyria's upper-class status since "porphyry" is a purple rock associated with royalty. Ultimately, her name stands for her mystery and the speaker's obsessive interpretation of her actions.
Driven by twisted love and fear of loss, the speaker kills Porphyria to preserve an imagined perfect moment: he can't bear her leaving or changing, so he preserves their connection in death. His act is possessive, desperate, insane, and tragic.
The first publication of "Porphyria's Lover" occurred in January 1836, under the title "Porphyria." It wasn't until 1863 that it received its current title, namely "Porphyria's Lover."
"Porphyria's Lover" can be interpreted through a feminist lens, reflecting patriarchal control, but it's not solely about these ideas. The complex story focuses on the speaker's twisted psychology and actions, not a direct representation of a feminist vs. patriarchal battle.