Structure
Form
"The Lady of Shalott" departs from the typical ballad form by embracing a unique structure. It is divided into four numbered parts; the poem unfolds with the first two sections holding four nine-line stanzas each. Parts I and II introduce the setting and the characters of the poem and each of these parts ends with direct speech that acts as a prelude to the events to come. Parts III and IV expand, containing five and six stanzas respectively. Unlike the previous two parts, parts III and IV are longer to lend a proper denouement to the ballad.
Meter
The majority of the narrative unfolds in iambic tetrameter, its consistent beat echoing the Lady's repetitive weaving. However, when the narrative shifts to external events like Lancelot's arrival, the meter abruptly changes to an anapestic trimeter. This stressed-unstressed-unstressed pattern mimics the gallop of his horse, injecting a sense of urgency and disruption into the Lady's passive world.
Each stanza concludes with a distinct refrain in trochaic tetrameter, where the stressed-unstressed pattern creates a sense of inevitability. The constant repetition of "Shalott" in this refrain emphasizes her imprisonment, while the contrasting "Camelot" in the B rhyme hints at the world beyond her reach.
The contrasting meters highlight the conflict between her confined reality and the yearning for a different life, ultimately shaping the tragedy that unfolds.
Rhyme
Departing from simple rhyme patterns, Tennyson employs a unique AAABCCCB rhyme scheme. This rhyme scheme reveals hidden meanings within its structure. Notably, "Camelot" always occupies the B rhyme, anchoring the world beyond the Lady's isolated tower. Conversely, "Shalott" consistently holds the final B rhyme, emphasizing the confines of her restricted existence. Beyond the thematic connection, the rhyme scheme serves a narrative purpose, which creates a tension between the two worlds, mirroring the Lady's own internal struggle.
The rhyme scheme also contributes to the poem's musicality. The repeated sounds create a rhythm that ebbs and flows, mimicking the Lady's tapestry weaving and the cyclical nature of her life. However, when action or disruption occurs, the rhyme scheme shifts, reflecting the change in rhythm and pace of the narrative.
