Tn 4351 was originally isolated from bacteroides fragilis [30] . The transposon was successfully introduced into Cytophaga succinicans, Flavobacterium meningosepticum, Flexibacter canadiansis, Flexibacter strain SFI and Sporocytophaga myxococcoides by conjugation [25]. Tn 4351carries two antibiotic resistance gene. One of the codes for resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin which is expressed in bactroides but not in E.Coli. The other gene codes for resistance in tetracycline and is expressed in aerobically grpwn E. coli, but not in anaerobically grpwn E. coli or in bacteroides.
1. Identify the range of senses involved in communication • Sight (visual communication), Touch (tactile communication), Taste, Hearing (auditory communication), Smell (olfactory communication) 2. Identify the limited range of wavelengths and named parts of the electromagnetic spectrum detected by humans and compare this range with those of THREE other named vertebrates and TWO named invertebrates. Figure 1: the electromagnetic spectrum source: www.ces.fau.edu Vertebrates Human Japanese Dace Fish Rattlesnake Zebra Finch Part of electromagnetic spectrum detected ROYGBV (visible light) detected by light sensitive cells in the eye called rods and cones.
The voltammetric measurement has been performed by transferring the oxidized TMB solution to the 96X carbon electrode. Thus, linear sweep voltammetry were measured by sweeping the potential from +6.00 to -2.00 mV. The calibration curve couldn 't be plotted with the obtained voltammograms, therefore, the cocaine-benzoylecgonine antibody concentration has been raised to 0.05 µg/ml (10 fold more) and the tracer dilution ratio to 1:10000. That leads to increase the absorbance (OD) detected by ELISA to 4. The obtained voltammograms were investigated and the calibration curve was plotted. It showed non linear four parameter logistic relationship fit between the concentration of cocaine and the potential applied.
Yiming Zhang September 13, 2017 TLC Analysis of Analgesic Drugs Introduction The purpose of this experiment was to determine the composition of the four counter analgesics on the counter by a method which called thin-layer chromatography (TLC). According to the appearing of the distance they have traveled we can identify if the unknown mixture contained acetaminophen, aspirin, caffeine or salicylamide. Experimental scheme Acetaminophen(Ac) Aspirin(Asp) Caffeine(Cf) Salicylamide(Sal) First, prepared enough micropipets for furture use to spot on TLC plates.
The diagram above represents what was discovered during the experiment. There are two spots, “Cinn.” meaning Cinnamaldehyde and Product referencing either (E,E)-1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene or (E,Z)-1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene. The blurring between the two spots for the crude product indicated that they were not pure and could have still had starting material leftover. There are two R_f values because from the UV analysis there was slight separation between the two spots, but they were still blurred together.
The purpose of this experiment is to assess which type of analgesic, over the counter, medication will have a significant impact on the stomach pH. Many people use nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) primarily to treat inflammation, relieve pain, etc. Analgesic medications such as Naproxen Aleve, Motrin 800, Nuprin Advil, and Tylenol utilized in this experiment are widely used by the community to treat headaches, menstrual cramps, arthritis, injuries, etc. The most prevalent side effects are vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, drowsiness, and headache. Since these analgesic drugs upset the stomach, they presumably acidify the stomach pH. Occasionally, some of the stomach acid could escape into the esophageal. Due to the fact that the esophagus
Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to find information and explore similarities about eight compounds- NaCl (Salt), Sugar, Paraffin Wax, Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin), Calcium Chloride (deicer), Ascorbic Acid, Cornstarch, Epsom Salt, all through six tests- physical appearance, hardness, conductivity as a solid, solubility in water, conductivity as a liquid or solution, and melting point. Hypotheses If we test physical appearance then all compounds will be white and somewhat transparent. Sugar and salt will be composed of small grains.
Abstract Much of the biological study depends on specie identification, yet many of the taxonomic identifications are flawed. Many scientists are convinced that in order to create best identification is to use DNA barcoding. Few established genes that are globally accepted are rbcL and Matk in chloroplast for plants and Co1 mitochondrial DNA for animals. In order to prove this, we will perform a study where we receive an Unknown sample and by extracting the DNA from that unknown and creating more copies we will perform gel electrophoresis where we will sequencing the gene of the unknown and identify the sample using phylogenetics, Further more we will identify the taxonomy.
2.2 Chemicals and reagents The API of AN (99.9% pure) 1000mg was purchased from market. HPLC grade acetonitrile (SD fine limited). Analytical grade hydrochloric acid ,sodium hydroxide flakes, hydrogen peroxide. Milli-Q Water purchased from market.. 2.3 Details of Method Chromatographic conditions: Reversed Phase High Performance liquid chromatography method with UV detection separation was achieved on zorbox Agilent Eclipsc XDB column c18(150 nm× 4.6 mm×5µm) as stationary phase with binary gradient mode solvent phase A. Composed of H3PO4(ortho phosphoric acid ) buffer ( pH ≈2, 0.02M) and phase B as Acetonitrile ,The Flow rate of the mobile phase was 1.0 mL/min and the total elution time including the column re-equilibration was approximately
INTRODUCTION Monosodium L- glutamate (MSG) is a major flavor enhancer used as a food additive; its concentrations vary in different foods (Walker et al., 2000). Nowadays, the safe concentration of MSG in foods and its toxicity in human is still a controversial issue (Beyreuther et al., 2007). In animals, MSG at higher doses was demonstrated to be a neurotoxic salt that could alter the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and damage neurons in the hypothalamic nuclei. The ability of monosodium glutamate to damage nerve cells of the hypothalamus is a pointer to the fact that it may alter the neural control of reproductive hormone secretion via the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal regulatory axis.
Anatomy and physiology Assignment 1 of 3 Cell ultrastructure Light and Electron microscope uses light and electron microscopes are both used to see objects which cannot be seen with the naked eye, however the electron microscope has far more magnification levels; 0.2nm magnification 250,000 times, these allow you to see the ultrastructure of cell (Reid, 2017). A light microscope is an instrument that uses visible light and magnifying lenses to examine small objects not visible to the naked eye, or in finer detail than the naked eye allows (Alberts, B), Light microscopes magnify up to x1000 eye piece x10 objective x10, x40, x100, With these we can see the gross structure of cells, can be used to see small living organisms. Any objects smaller
The chemical and physical properties of a variety of chemicals work together to form a desired end product that is used commercially. Three chemicals that are used to form a bouncy ball in this experiment were; Polyvinyl Alcohol, Polyvinyl Acetate, and Borate. Polyvinyl Alcohol is a water-soluble polymer that is commercially used for paper and textiles products (Polyvinyl Alcohol PVA chemical Compound). Polyvinyl Alcohol is unique polymer, for it is only created with the dissolving of another polymer such as Polyvinyl Acetate, through hydrolysis (Polyvinyl Alcohol PVA chemical Compound).Polyvinyl Alcohol is an adhesive element. With the application of polyvinyl acetate that is formed from polyvinyl alcohol; is used as an adhesive in Elmer’s
ANESTHESIA CONSIDERATIONS IN EPILEPSY SURGERY INTRODUCTION: Surgery for epilepsy requires a multidisciplinary approach from the neurosurgeon, the neurophysician, the neurophysiologist and the neuroanesthetist. Epilepsy surgery poses significant challenges to the neuroanesthetist. The challenges are to provide optimal operating conditions, hemodynamic stability, monitored anesthesia care for awake craniotomy and rapid emergence for neurological assessment as well as avoidance of agents which interfere with intraoperative ECoG and cortical mapping.
For instance, drugs can be injected, swallowed, absorbed by skin or inhaled. They all get into the bloodstream and regulate it to all the parts of body within the receptors. The target receptors that can be divided into two which are agonist and antagonists. Agonist drugs is the activator for the receptor or stimulator which generate the level of the response in the cell. In contrary, the antagonist drugs act as the blocker the way of the body’s natural agonist and also they avoid cell response to agonist.
I am doing an assignment on anatomy and physiology. Specifically related to the musculoskeletal system. I am going to investigate the structure and function of different bones and a synovial joint in the body. I will show the relationship between the nervous and musculoskeletal systems. I intend to explore one disease of the musculoskeletal system and find out what it is like to live with said disease and found out how much people really know about it.
