ipl-logo

Acetylcholine Lab Report

606 Words3 Pages

Glucose enters the nerve terminal by passive transport. Glycolysis occurs in the neuronal cytoplasm and pyruvate molecule are generated. Pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria and an acetyl group derived from pyruvic acid combines with coenzyme-A present in the mitochondria to form acetyl coenzyme-A, which is transported back into the cytoplasm. Choline is actively transported into the neuronal terminal from the synaptic cleft via sodium and choline transporters. An enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the nerve terminals synthesizes acetylcholine from choline and acetyl coenzyme A. After its synthesis, acetylcholine is packaged into vesicles and transported from the cytoplasm into synaptic vesicles by the vesicular acetylcholine …show more content…

The hypothesis of the experiment is that the injection of toxins and drugs that inhibit the release acetylcholine will cause paralysis and relaxation of the muscles and vice- versa. Five rats will be used for the experiment. Botulinum toxin, black widow spider venom, snake venom, curare and pilocarpine drug will be injected into the fore limb of the five rats. Electromyography will be used to monitor the contraction of the muscles. A needle electrode will be inserted directly into the muscle close to the injected area and the electrical activity of the muscle will be recorded with the electromyogram. The rats 1,3, 4 that were each injected with the botulinum toxin, snake venom and the curare respectively will experience less contraction and more relaxation of the muscles eventually leading to paralysis. In the rat ‘2’ injected with the black widow spider venom, the release of acetylcholine will not be suppressed but the rat will experience the wastage of the acetylcholine supplies and the muscles will begin to contract. When the acetylcholine supply is depleted, paralysis occurs. The injection of the pilocarpine drug on the rat 5, will lead to the contraction of the muscle, because the drug does not suppress the release of

Show More
Related

Sphingolipids Lab Report

477 Words | 2 Pages

Sphingolipids and the CNS Sphingolipids encompass a complex range of membrane lipids in which a fatty acid is linked to a long sphingosine carbon backbone, primarily C18-sphinganine (18:0) and C18-sphingosine (C18:1) in mammals. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of the sphingolipid metabolic pathway. Ceramide is central in sphingolipid metabolism and is produced by de novo and recycling pathways.37 In de novo synthesis, serine and palmitoyl-CoA are substrates of serine palmitoyl-transferase (SPT), the rate limiting enzyme that generates ketosphinganine (bottom). Ketosphinganine is reduced to form sphinganine, which is then N-acylated with fatty acids of different chain lengths by ceramide synthases (CerS), producing dihydroceramides.

Read More

Agonist Ach Case Study

705 Words | 3 Pages

Agonist Ach is used by the parasympathetic nervous system to activate muscarinic and nicotine receptors and can each preferentially interact one of the two types of receptors. Atropine specificity is it action to act as the antagonist of acetylcholine (ACh), inhibiting the muscarinic actions of ACh on the structures innervated by the vagus nerve. 3. What type of antagonism does atropine display at the muscarinic receptor? What is meant by EC50? Describe the change to EC50 in your experiment in the presence of atropine.

Read More

Toluene Lab Report

1628 Words | 7 Pages

The test was used in determining the effect of toluene on the nervous system. The parameter included

Read More

Dry Acetonitrile Lab Report

481 Words | 2 Pages

To a stirred solution of acetanilide (2gm, 0.5moles) in dry acetonitrile (5ml) at 0-5⁰C, TiCl4 (2.8gm, 1.0moles) was added drop wise with stirring and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. Then Sodium azide (0.93gm, 0.5 mol.) was added to it and the reaction mixture was heated at 80-90⁰C. After 2 hrs remaining amount of sodium azide (0.93gm, 0.5 mol.) was added to reaction mixture and heating was continued for 4-6 hrs. The reaction was monitored by TLC after 3hrs. Then the reaction mixture was cooled and poured over crushed ice and the product separated out was filtered, washed with water, dried and recrystallized from alcohol. 5-Methyl-1-phenyl-1H-tetrazole (1).

Read More

Ropivacaine Analysis

2122 Words | 9 Pages

This stopping of the peripheral nerve transmission is from an inhibition of the excitation potential due to a blocking of the opening of the sodium

Read More

Acetylcholine Receptors Lab Report

512 Words | 3 Pages

In this experiment, we will be determining the effect of increasing concentration of drugs like eserine and acetylcholine on muscle tissue response, at what concentration levels effect increases fastest, as well as where a further increase will yield no further

Read More

Neuro Refractory Period

657 Words | 3 Pages

Thus the gradients push potassium ions out of the axon, helping the membrane potential go back to its value at rest. As the resting potential goes back to its original value, it is temporarily hyperpolarized due to the potassium ions just leaving and causing the charge between the inside and outside to differ more than resting potential (the inside is seemingly more negative in comparison to the outside).The resting potential is restored after the potassium ions diffuse away, even though the distributions of Na+ and K+ differ from what they were before the process. This is where the sodium-potassium pump comes back to reestablish the concentrations of the ions before the action

Read More

Botox Research Paper

470 Words | 2 Pages

Botox treatment decreases the occurrence of spasms in cervical dystonia. Also called spasmodic torticollis, it is a neurological movement disorder in which the muscles of the neck spasm uncontrollably, thus forcing the neck or head into uncomfortable positions and motions that are often painful. Common symptoms of cervical

Read More

Acetylcholine Lab Report

336 Words | 2 Pages

The tissue in the body is affected by the addition of Acetylcholine or Carbachol and contracts in response. In this experiment, the aim was to compare the response of six different concentrations of Acetylcholine and Carbachol on a section of rat ileum, in order to see which agonist had the greatest effect. To obtain results, the ileum was suspended in a tissue vessel and tied in place, while being submerged in Tyrode solution and each concentration was then added to the tissue vessel and the results recorded on a chart recorder. All concentrations produced a response from the ileum, therefore showing that the agonists had an effect on the tissues in the body. The graphs show that the equivalent concentrations for both agonists produced a similar

Read More

Human Biology: Explain The Process Of Cellular Respiration In Order

1042 Words | 5 Pages

The last step that takes place is electron transport. This also occurs in the mitochondria. It produces thirty-two

Read More

Four Physiologic Systems

1711 Words | 7 Pages

Afterwards the signal is sent to the axon hilock where is it determined by the neuron if it will be sent down the axon. It does this by utilizing IPSP’s and EPSP’s. Once the neuron has achieved enough EPSP’s to break the threshold an action potiential will be made. Just the opposite, if more IPSP’s are made by the neuron then an action potential will not occur. On top of this concept that is important

Read More

ALS Etiology

828 Words | 4 Pages

EEA2 transporters are primarily found in the central nervous system (CNS) and are responsible for moving glutamate away from synapses shortly after it is released; the swift removal of glutamate is meant to prevent prolonged excitation of nerve cells (Foran & Trotti, 2009). With the dysfunction of EEA2 transporters, glutamate over excites the postynaptic membranes of nearby nerve cells—the over abundance of the excitatory neurotransmitter, as well as the prolonged contact, causes an increase in calcium (Ca2+) permeability of surrounding nerve cells. The increase of Ca2+ permeability also causes the release of intracellular Ca2+ stores. Along with the influx of intracellular Ca2+, sodium (Na+) follows the Ca2+ into the cell, causing further stimulation. As a result of the increased intracellular levels of Ca2+ and Na+, potassium (K+) leaves the cell—the resulting effect is cell swelling and death of the neuron.

Read More

Rest Membrane Potential Lab Report

698 Words | 3 Pages

Na+ and Cl- also contribute to reaching equilibrium. When the neuron is at equilibrium its charge is –70mV. If the cell gets a potassium leak it will use a sodium potassium pump in order to maintain the equilibrium. The way the pump works is buy using ATP to pump three sodium ions for every two potassium ions. Generation of action potential Action potential occurs when the neuron goes from equilibrium and depolarizes causing the neuron to become more positive. If the neuron depolarizes enough it will reach the threshold.

Read More

Annotated Bibliography: Measuring The Value Of Prescription Drugs

1502 Words | 7 Pages

CNS Drugs. 2nd ed. Vol. 18. N.p.:

Read More

Myosin Research Paper

326 Words | 2 Pages

These ions enter into the muscle cell stimulates an electrical impulse. This electrical

Read More

More about Acetylcholine Lab Report

Open Document