It refers to the patterns of communication, interpretation and adjustment between individuals. Both the verbal and nonverbal responses that a listener then delivers are similarly constructed in expectation of how the original speaker will react. Workers contribution is more involved in this theory. (Markes, 1999)
Contributions
1) There was widening span of area of control.
2) It contributed in understanding about different cultures.
B. for each of the above describes three strengths and drawbacks in relation to management in organizations.
 Classic theory strengths and drawbacks: Strengths
1) Hierarchical Structure - One of the advantages of the classical management structure is a clear organizational hierarchy with three management levels.

2) Division of Labor - One of the advantages of classical management approach is the division of labor.Employees responsibilities are clearly assigned to them.
3) Monetary Incentive - Employees should be motivated by monetary rewards. In other words, employees will work harder and become more productive if they have an competitive salary. Employees feel appreciated when being rewarded for hard work.

Drawbacks

1) Untested assumptions - Many of the assumptions made by classical writers were based not on scientific tests but on value judgments that expressed what they believed to be proper life-styles, moral codes, and attitudes toward success.
2) Human machinery-Classical theories leave the impression that the organization is a