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Albert Bandura Theory

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Frankie Tagliaferri Mrs. Manos English IV 30 March 2017 Our new addiction An addiction is the condition of being addicted to a particular substance, thing, or activity. It’s not being able to live a day without it, craving it, and giving into its desires. Today’s addiction, is technology. Young people, on average, spend 6 1/2 hours a day on their cell phones, computers, or other devices, not including school work. That’s about 45 hours a week and 99 days every year that children spend time on technology. A few years ago, Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, and Instagram were words that had absolutely no meaning. Sadly, today they have developed into words that mean everything. The use of technology and social media has become the norm in …show more content…

It is called the social learning theory, understanding through observation from a model figure. Social media and technology alters this theory for us, decreasing our ability to think and focus. Bandura performed his bobo doll experiment to prove his theory of observational learning by imitating a model figure. Kid’s observed an adult act violent with the bobo doll, punching and kicking in anger. When the kids approached the doll, they imitated the violent actions, learning this behavior through the adult. Technology proves this theory too. It has the power to change kids emotions and actions. Violent video games are the biggest example of this. Approximately over 90% of the video games kids play in the U.S. are violent. Studies show that these games can “make kids act more aggressively in their real-world relationships” (Park). Compared to the kids who played fewer hours in a week, the ones who played more hours “revealed increases in aggressive behavior and violent tendencies” (Park). It’s this media violence exposure that’s altering kids brains to see the world in a more aggressive way, with little patience, and more violent outbursts. This increase in aggression stems from the increase of aggressive thinking that leads back to these violent video games kids play which include killing, bombing, shooting, and cursing. The impact these games have on kids moods worries researchers about “how violence in virtual reality might play out in real life”

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In the university of Harvard in 1961, legendary psychologist Albert Bandura conducted an experiment in which children watched as a woman interacted violently with an inflatable clown. After 10 minutes of watching this, the kids was put into an exciting room filled with toys that were soon taken away. This frustrating the kids and then the frustrated children was left alone with the inflatable clown. The study showed that the children who watched the clown get beat up by the women were much more likely to mimic her aggression, attempting to maul and punch the clown while kids who observed the woman play friendly with the clown either mimicked her kindness or completely ignored the clown. The kids in the experiment started abusing bobo with physical

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In his article “Shooting in the Dark,” Benedict Carey argues that video games depict explicit or violent content stimulate aggressive behavior within gamers. He argues that video games like Mortal Kombat, Call of Duty, and Battlefield 3 increase aggressive urges and that exposure to these games leads to real-world hostilities. He mentions incidents like the young men who opened fire at Columbine High School and at the movie theater in Aurora, Colorado—video gamers who seemed to be acting out some “dark digital fantasy”—to uphold his position. He believes a dose of violent video games can cause people to act “more rudely” than they would otherwise. Although he describes how violent video games may stimulate aggressive or hostile behavior, Carey’s argument can be challenged because there are other factors that can influence individuals to act violent and hostile.

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Chapter Seven Points to Consider 1. List and describe Erik Erickson's first two stages of social development. Erik Erikson's stages of social development is a theory that outlines eight different stages in which a healthy human being should pass from infancy to late adulthood. The first two stages are: Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy, 0-1.5 years old): This is the first stage of life and the most important.

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Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/monitor/2010/12/virtual -violence.aspx. Beth Azar disagrees about whether violent video games increase aggression. She claims that people can tell the difference between video game violence and real world violence. People can therefore use video games as a means of dealing with problems on a virtual level instead of using real violence. This article provides the fact that video games can be ues as an alternate method to using actual violence.

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Between measurable skills (such as aim, driving skills, knowledge of types of ancient and modern weaponry, knowledge of economics) and moral skills, violent video games can serve to teach us many things that can be transferred over to the real world. Life is not rated “Everyone” according to the ESRB standards. The hypersexualization of the advertising world, the increasing amount of swears that make their way into media targeted towards the family, and the amount of violence that many people encounter every day would likely warrant a rating of “Teen.” To have these situations that are growing closer and closer to normal be presented in a safe virtual environment provides a way to deal with it that is less immediately dangerous than to thrust

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“Effects of Media Violence on Children” is an article written by Abel Mwema. Mwema argues that media or video games with negative content solicit kids to mimic those bad behaviors. She states that everyday kids are becoming more exposed to material that would induce them to violent acts. Many studies are mentioned to support her claim on this matter. One of them would be the analysis from the psychologist Brad Bushman, as he states, “Studies show that virtual fighting is just likely to make a kid act aggressively as is drug abuse, a troubled home life, or poverty” (34).

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Differences between learning and performing[edit] Albert Bandura followed up his 1961 study a few years later with another that again tested differences in children's learning/behavior or actual performance after seeing a model being rewarded, punished, or experiencing no consequences for aggressive behavior towards a Bobo doll (here and following, Bandura, Ross & Ross 1963) . The procedure of the experiment was very similar to the one conducted in 1961. Children between the ages of 2.5 to 6 years watched a film of a mediated model punching and screaming aggressively at a Bobo doll. Depending on the experimental group, the film ended with a scene in which the model was rewarded with candies or punished with the warning, "Don't do it again". In the neutral condition the film ended right after the aggression scene toward the Bobo doll.

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Bandura on the other hand calls this form of learning as Observational Learning. 　　 　　This theory evolved from theories of behaviourist like B.F. Skinner and Pavlov. Bandura added that cognitive factor needed to be taken into account and not just looking at it from a behaviourist perspective. He states that learning can only occur when behaviour is observed and is working together with cognition of our brain. For example as illustrated in the now famous “Bobo Doll Experiment” by Bandura, Ross, and Ross(1961), found that children who observed a model displaying aggressive behaviour towards the Bobo doll imitated that behaviour.

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Violent video games have been blamed for everything from bullying to school shootings. Critics of these video games believe they cause people to commit violent acts in real life. These critics, mainly comprised of parents and other responsible adults, don’t agree with what the video games portray. Others say the video games cause less violence and are an outlet for anger and stress. Although violent video games have violent actions in them, teenagers should be able to play violent video games because there isn’t enough evidence to prove they make teens more aggressive, it could prevent violence, and violent video games are a fun and relaxing way to relieve stress and anger.

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Next, response feedback influences will also impact the occurrence of such behavior in the future. Lastly, it stressed that cognitive functions are important as well. To prove that same behaviors will be learned by individuals following the action of the models and altering their own behaviors, Albert Bandura conducted a famous experiment, known as the Bobo doll experiment in 1961 (McLeod, 2014). Before the experiment, Albert Bandura made 4 predictions. First, children that observed adult acting aggressively will be more likely to act the same.

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Boeree (2006) and Cobb (2007) posit that through observing others, one forms an idea of how new behaviours are performed and later this coded information serves as a guide for action. The premise of Bandura’s learning theory are observational learning and modelling which constitutes four element processes including: attention whereby the learner pay attention to the modelled behaviour; retention whereby the learner or observer must be able to retain part or all of what was done; motivation/reinforcement whereby the observer must have the motivation or desire to carry the action modelled behaviour; and motor reproduction whereby the observer must have motor skills and hence be able to reproduce

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A recent content analysis by the research organization Children Now shows that a majority of video games include violence and about half of the violent incidents would result in serious injuries or death in the "real" world. Claim1 Research involving British primary schoolchildren found that the length of time young people spend playing games, rather than their content, could have an effect on their behavior or school performance. But it concluded that fears that generations of young people are growing up with their development impaired by exposure to violent video games are no more likely to be borne out than previous “moral panics” over television and other media. Playing one-player games is not always negative if you do it moderately.

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There are games that literally replicate and give people the ability to score points for doing the very same thing that these students are doing inside schools, where you get extra points for finishing someone off who’s lying there begins for their life.” ( 6) There are several ideas that say young people benefit from these violent video games “Surprisingly, playing video games can help our physical, mental, and emotional health.” It helps them to improve hand eye coordination and thinking ability. These benefits are not worth the risk of being influenced by violent video games. (7) All in all the research and officials say that violent video games affect how children, teenagers and young adults act.

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Research shows that at least 83% of children in the US aged between 8-12 years are involved in video gaming once a month. This elevated number of video gaming has had its fair share of effects on its consumers. For instance, video games have positively influenced children to work together in completing various tasks, and often improve a child’s thinking capacity, especially through solving puzzles (Anderson et al, 2007). However, the contentious issue has been the effects of violent games on children, which are often negative to their well-being. In short, violent video games increase the aggressiveness of a child, and may eventually cause mental ill health.

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Some researches admit that violent games may cause adolescents to become tremendous. Studies showed that video games increase psychological awakening, it could also increase aggressive behavior, emotions and thoughts and finally let teenagers lose the sense of helping others. All these effects will be carried by aggressive young people. It’s true that video games are violent, but aggressive adolescents are more likely to be more attracted to it. Some games reward players for doing violent actions, so this will affect them negatively, letting them think that violence is normal.

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