Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning
Amnesic shellfish poisoning is a rare type of food poisoning. You get it from eating seafood contaminated with a toxin (domoic acid). This toxin is produced by a saltwater form of algae and is often eaten by shellfish, such as clams, oysters, and mussels. Sometimes crabs that feed on these shellfish can also become toxic. You can get sick when you eat contaminated shellfish or crab. Cooking or freezing the shellfish does not kill the toxin.
Domoic acid causes stomach and intestinal problems. It can also cause nervous system problems. In severe cases, these problems can be life-threatening.
CAUSES
This condition is caused by eating domoic acid.
RISK FACTORS
This condition is more likely to develop in people
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• Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia).
• Short-term memory loss that may be permanent.
In the most severe cases, symptoms include:
• Coma.
• Seizures.
• Paralysis.
• Dementia.
DIAGNOSIS
Your health care provider may suspect amnesic shellfish poisoning based on your signs and symptoms, especially if you recently ate seafood that could have been contaminated. Your health care provider will also do a physical exam. If you have leftover seafood, it may be tested to confirm the diagnosis.
TREATMENT
There is no specific treatment for amnesic shellfish poisoning. Treatment usually focuses on supportive care to relieve your symptoms and keep you hydrated. If you have a severe case of amnesic shellfish poisoning, you may need to be treated in the hospital with intravenous (IV) fluids. You may also get medicine to relieve vomiting. You may also have breathing support if needed.
HOME CARE INSTRUCTIONS
• Drink enough water and fluids to keep your urine clear or pale yellow. Drink small amounts often at first. Gradually drink more as you are able.
• Follow your health care provider’s instructions on how to rehydrate.
SEEK MEDICAL CARE IF:
• Your abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea do not go away after 1–2