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Analgesic Drugs Lab Report

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Lab 8: Chromatographic Analysis of Analgesic Drugs Written by Gurleen Bhangoo Robinjot Kaur CHEM 3301-02 Professor Jeffery Crisman 21 March 2023 Abstract: Chromatography is an analytical method that is used to separate a mixture of chemical compounds into their individual components, allowing the individual components to be thoroughly analyzed. In this experiment, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is performed to identify an unknown drug, and then column chromatography is used to separate out the components of the drug. The given unknown will contain one of the following drugs: Advil, Anacin, Aspirin, BC Powder, Excedrin, Excedrin Tension Headache, or Tylenol, where each drug will consist of a mixture of 1-3 compounds. The presence of caffeine …show more content…

It is a method used to separate mixtures of compounds based on the way they interact with porous material called adsorbent. The solvent that moves the mixture through the adsorbent is called the eluent or mobile phase. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is a type of chromatography to help determine the identity of compounds and the purity of a compound. Based on the polarity of the compound, column chromatography is a preparative technique used to purify compounds. In column chromatography, molecules are separated depending on how different the molecules are distributed between a mobile phase and a stationary phase. As the solvent is drawn through the capillary action, the molecules contact the paper and then separate. For each spot, the retention factor (RF), which is equal to the distance the spot traveled divided by the distance the solvent front traveled, was calculated and used to determine the identity of the unknown compound. The unknown substance will either contain Advil, Anacin, Aspirin, BC Powder, Excedrin, Excedrin Tension Headache, or Tylenol. Each drug consists of a mixture of 1-3 compounds. In order to confirm the unknown substance, a melting point apparatus would be used to determine the identification and purity of the unknown substance. Results and Discussion: Figure 1: TLC plates that were used to calculate the RF values and to determine the identity of compounds in the unknown mixture. Table 1: Data comparing the RF values for the unknown compound and known standard solutions 1:1 ethyl acetate/acetic acid 1:2 ethyl acetate/acetic acid 1:3 ethyl acetate/acetic acid 200:1 ethyl acetate /acetic acid Unknown RF 1 0.10 0.15 0.26 0.27 Unknown RF

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Unknown A is Excedrin because they both look like white powders and they were both soluble. When the universal indicator was added they both turned red, which indicted their pH level was 4.0. Then when we tested the pH with the pH strips they both showed the pH as being 3.0. After that, we added HCl or stomach acid and both drugs dissolved and were soluble. We tested the pH and it dropped to 1.0.

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500 Words | 2 Pages

We identified unknown A as acetaminophen. This is because unknown A had all the same tested properties as acetaminophen when we performed our tests. For unknown B we found it to be acetaminophen and caffeine. This is because like unknown A, unknown B properties were the same as acetaminophen, but unknown B was acetone soluble. Unknown B has similar properties to caffeine because it was acetone soluble and because caffeine was the only basic pH tested to change color during the FeCl3 test.

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1039 Words | 5 Pages

TLC was used to identify the actual unknown product as well as other products/reactants present in the filtered solution. The procedure was conducted by placing a TLC plate in a developing chamber that is filled with a small amount of solvent. The solvent cannot be too polar because it will cause spotted compounds on the TLC plate to rise up too fast, while a very non-polar solvent will not allow the spots to move. The polarity of the spots also determines how far it moves on the plate; non-polar spots are higher than polar ones. After spots on the TLC form, the Rf values are calculated and used to analyze the similarity of the compounds.

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758 Words | 4 Pages

The purpose of this experiment was to understand the pharmacokinetics of the drug acetaminophen within the body, specifically focusing on its partition coefficient, drug protein interaction and its bioavailability through various form of administration. The bioavailability of the drug was determined to be 100% for IV because the drug is injected directly into the systemic circulation in its active form and this is also visible on Figure 4, where the initial concentration of drug is much higher than in PO and IP. For PO and IP administration, the bioavailability was determined to be 72.6% and 39.1%, respectively. This makes sense because both of these type of administration involve the first-pass effect where a portion of the drug is metabolized by peripheral organs, especially the liver in this case, and therefore the amount of active drug reaching the circulation is less. PO administration, however has a much higher content reaching the circulation than IP, because the IP route involves passing through the whole gastrointestinal tract before being absorbed in the liver while the IP route injects the drug into the

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196 Words | 1 Pages

These prostaglandin chemicals are produced by enzymes called cyclooxygenases (COX). The job of the NSAID is to block the COX enzymes, thus prohibiting it from producing prostaglandins and therefore inflammation is reduced. The purification of the unknown will be done through a process called flash chromatography, a microscale version

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285 Words | 2 Pages

The voltammetric measurement has been performed by transferring the oxidized TMB solution to the 96X carbon electrode. Thus, linear sweep voltammetry were measured by sweeping the potential from +6.00 to -2.00 mV. The calibration curve couldn 't be plotted with the obtained voltammograms, therefore, the cocaine-benzoylecgonine antibody concentration has been raised to 0.05 µg/ml (10 fold more) and the tracer dilution ratio to 1:10000. That leads to increase the absorbance (OD) detected by ELISA to 4. The obtained voltammograms were investigated and the calibration curve was plotted. It showed non linear four parameter logistic relationship fit between the concentration of cocaine and the potential applied.

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Many compounds decompose at the temperatures required for efficient GC separation while HPLC separation can be achieved readily. However, GC is particularly useful in detecting residual solvents in formulations and is also invaluable in looking for degradation products. Amines and acids are not separated well by GC because they tend to be too polar. SPECTROSCOPY Spectroscopy is a technique that is used for the detailed analysis of the compound and its structure prediction.

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473 Words | 2 Pages

The purpose of this experiment was to isolate the three components of Excedrin using column chromatography. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to determine when each of the components had been fully eluted from the column. If there was an overlap in fractions between two components, liquid- liquid extraction was done to separate them. The compounds were characterized via NMR instrumentation and the percent recovery for each compound was calculated to determine whether the isolation was

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1078 Words | 5 Pages

The aim of this experiment is to take an Excedrin tablet and use the varying acidities of the 3 active components to separate them using acid-base

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754 Words | 4 Pages

Statement of Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to determine whether over the counter pain killers, for example, aspirin, coated aspirin and fast acting aspirin dissolve at different rates affected by the level of acidity in the solvent. Background Research and Theory Drug Solubility is important to patients as well as to manufacturers because drugs, in this case, pain killers, have to dissolve to pass into the blood stream for the medication to take effect. The enhancement of solubility of a prescribed drug increases its oral bio-availability – its availability to be used by the body.

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938 Words | 4 Pages

The reason for this is due to the alcohol functional group present in the salicylic acid starting material, as it has a higher Rf value when TLC is run on the compound in which it is contained at the start of the reaction. TLC of the Aspirin product contained an ester functional group, which was expected to have a lower Rf due to residual hydrogen bonding which occurred between the hydroxyl group of the carboxylic acid and adjacent carbonyl of the ester. Experimental results followed this expected outcome, indicating the successful synthesis of the experimental aspirin product, which maintained a lower Rf value than the reaction starting material (Rf Data Figure 1). Experimental IR results indicated the presence if characteristic wavelength peak values that are found in a successfully synthesized Acetylsalicylic Acid (2-acetoxybenzoic acid) or Aspirin product. The IR spectra revealed the presence of the ester functional group via a peak at 1760cm-1 indicating C=O carbonyl bonding of an ester.

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983 Words | 4 Pages

Then, the antacid medicine, Medi-First, was placed in the 250 mL beaker. After, 5 drops of the indicator, phenolphthalein, was added to the 250 mL beaker with the addition of the magnetic stir bar. Second, the 250 mL beaker was placed on a magnetic stirrer on level 6 until the antacid was completely mixed in. Once the solution was prepared the beaker was placed on the base of the burette holder under the burette. Third, 32.7 mL of sodium hydroxide was poured into the 50 mL burette.

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1308 Words | 6 Pages

1. Aims a) To find the molar absorptivity of salicylic acid by plotting a graph of absorbance against the concentration of salicylic acid, using the standard solution. b) To find the concentration of aspirin at the various time intervals using the molar absorptivity value in the previous part, initial concentration of aspirin and the concentration of salicylic acid obtained from the decomposition of the aspirin pill. c) Lastly, to calculate the rate constant of the decomposition of aspirin by plotting a graph of ln[aspirin] against time and making use of the gradient of the best fitted line along with the standard deviation. 2.Data

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853 Words | 4 Pages

This formulation is equipotent to Diprivan but is associated with a higher incidence of pain on injection.24 An alternative to emulsion formulations of propofol and associated side effects (pain on injection, risk of infection, hypertriglyceridemia, pulmonary embolism) is creation of a prodrug (Aqauvan) by cleaving groups to the parent compound that increase its water solubility (phosphate monoesters, hemisuccinates). Propofol is liberated after hydrolysis by endothelial cell surface alkaline phosphatases. In this regard, injection of the water-soluble prodrug results in propofol and dose dependent sedative effects. Compared with propofol, this prodrug has a larger volume of distribution and higher potency.24 A nonlipid formulation of propofol uses cyclodextrins as a solublilizing agent.

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1819 Words | 8 Pages

Biological markers such as glycosylated haemoglobin A1C and coagulation International Normalised Ratio • Biological markers determined through blood tests, which are directly affected by ingestion of medication. The limitations are also involve it can be used for a limited number of medications, influenced by other biological parameters and patient behavior, costly and invasive. 4. Ingestible event marker • An ingestible, grain-of-sand sized microsensor fixed in each tablet, which communicates with a data recorder in the form of a skin patch, and software.

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