Antipsychotics And Anxiolytic Agents

Describe the various classifications of antipsychotics and anxiolytic agents. What are the essential differences in each? Consider pharmacology, indications, dosing strategies, indications and contraindications

Antipsychotics are classified into first generation (typical) and second generation (atypical) antipsychotics. Antipsychotics are indicated for the treatment of several mental health conditions such as: acute mania, Psychosis in schizophrenia, dementia, delirium, depression, drug abuse, bipolar, traumatic head injury and more (Perese, 2012). According to Stahl (2013), explained that typical antipsychotics were the first drugs used to effectively treat schizophrenia. Most antipsychotics can be given in tablet form, as an injection, as

Anxiolytic agents are categorized into Benzodiazepines, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), and Azapirones (Perese, 2012). Anxiolytics can be addictive and when used for a very long time could lead to tolerance (Pietrangelo, 2013). Most prescribers prescribe Benzodiazepines in the early stages of anxiety, but are very careful due to their habit forming effects (Perese, 2012). Anxiolytics are ususally prescribed for short term use and are contraindicated for people with a history of substance abuse (Pietrangelo, 2013). Anxiolytics could be in different forms; liquid, dissolvable form and tablet (Pietrangelo, 2013). When taken for a long period of time, dose increases may be required in order to get the same result. Prescriber must inform the client that when anxiolytics are overdosed on, they could lead to death or coma (Pietrangelo, 2013). Benzodiazepines should not be prescribed for clients with liver disease and the elderly (Perese, 2012). Oxazepam and Lorazepam are the medications of choice for people with liver disease and the elderly. According to Perese (2012), “These two drugs and alprazolam do not have pharmacologically active metabolites, thus adding to their value in this population” (p.