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Ap Psychology Chapter 2 Summary

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Chapter two covers psychological research. Psychological research is research that psychologists conduct and examine experiences and behaviors of people as individuals or groups. Scientific research is an important section for navigating our difficult world. Without scientific research, we would be forced to rely only on instinct, other people, and would have limited information. The scientific method is defined as a method made up of of observation, measurement, experiment, formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses. A hypothesis is an educated guess about how the world will act if our idea is correct. Psychologists place their attention on understanding behavior, and also understanding the cognitive and physiological processes
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In chapter 7, I found the concept of punishment to be most intriguing. Punishment is a part of operant conditioning which was theorized by B.F. Skinner. Punishment is often confused with negative reinforcement. However, the main difference between the two is: while the goal of reinforcement is to increase the likelihood of a behavior, the primary goal of punishment is to reduce the chances of the behavior it follows. In 1938, Skinner concluded that punishment produces only temporary suppression of behavior but later research found that effects may be permanent.

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1699 Words | 7 Pages

A. Petechiae Pinpoint hemorrhagic areas that occur during birth and disappear 2-3 days after birth B. Forceps Marks Linear marks across both sides of the face in the shape of the blades of the forceps. Marks resolve on their own over several days C. Pathologic Jaundice Higher levels of unconjugated bilirubin that appears in the first 24hrs and requires phototherapy to resolve D. Port wine stain Red birthmarks that are smooth made up of tiny capillaries. They are not blanch on pressure or disappear E. Hemangioma Raised growth that is bright or dark red F. Café Au Lait Spots Flat pigmented birthmarks Head: Normal Finding or Definition A. Relationship to body Makes up ¼ of the body length B. Relationship to Chest 2-3 cm less than head circumference

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900 Words | 4 Pages

Chapter 6 Question E In classical conditioning, whether we are human beings or animals, our first learning is acquisition. Classical conditioning happens upon the appearance of 2 stimuli put together, this occurs effortlessly and unconsciously. Acquisition is the link of the unconditional stimulus and a conditioned stimulus. US, stimulus that produces a reply without previous knowledge.

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1476 Words | 6 Pages

One of the most complex aspects of being human relates to the state of consciousness. It offers perhaps the most varied of experiences, from the state in which people are in when they are not conscious to the representation of semi-consciousness to the full reality of the waken state. Cognitive neuroscience may be one of the most well-explored areas of human well-being, and yet there is still so much more to learn about the inner workings of arguably the most important organ in the body. Chapter 3 delves into the concept of consciousness and the two-track mind, in an attempt to explain everything from sleep issues to addiction to the hypnosis to the ways in which the brain processes just about everything. The brain is a highly complex organ that is responsible for everything from knowledge to personality and everything in between.

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Having a personal interest in understanding human nature and behavior made the subject of psychology an appealing topic to study. During the course of my undergraduate education, various specialties were considered: theories of personality, abnormal psychology, and human sexuality, just to name a few. This broad exposure to the field of psychology at Colorado Christian University has only piqued my interest further. The final class, PSY 485A Psychology Senior Seminar, covered an assortment of practical considerations such as employment opportunities for a degree holder of psychology, ethical issues, and pursuing graduate level studies.

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1. Personality- individual differences in characteristic 2. Psychodynamic theories- views that defends personality of conscious and unconscious 3. Psychoanalysis-

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I personally enjoyed every chapter that we have learned to date. If I had to pick my favorites, I would choose chapter seven and thirteen. I found these the most interesting because I enjoy learning about the brain itself, how memory works, and the disorders that occur. I find that the brain is the most unique aspect of the human body. Each brain holds millions of memories and ideas that are special to each person, and I find that beautiful.

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In chapter 7 the main topics that were discussed were thinking, language and intelligence. The aspect of cognition is defined as the mental activities involved in acquiring, retaining and using knowledge. Thinking involves be to manipulate internal, mental representation of information to be able to draw inferences and conclusions. With thinking there are two kinds of mental representation present which are, mental images and concepts. There are also types of concepts that are used with thinking.

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Chapter seven covers the list of black psychologists who broke barriers and help paved a way to inspire other black people to achieve their dreams. It also covered the achievement about black scholars at Howard University who majored in the field of psychology. This chapter became one of my favorites out of the book because it highlighted all the excellence that black people work hard for to get where they are so that we can have a better for life for ourselves. After I read chapter seven, I felt very inspired by some of the people that were highlighted like Charles Henry Thompson because it motivated me to graduate college and get my bachelor’s degree in psychology so that I can be able to pursue my career. Reading about all the achievements of black psychologists in the chapter was the standout moment for me because if it wasn’t for those people I wouldn’t be the man who I am today.

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Chapter 1 Lesson 3 is about psychology as an overall profession, and how it compares and differs from psychiatry. Psychologists are people who have been trained to observe, analyze, and evaluate behavior. There are two major types of psychologists; clinical and counseling. Clinical psychologists help people deal with personal problems, and mainly work in private offices, mental hospitals, and clinics. Counseling psychologists usually work in either their own offices or in schools/businesses.

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Tiana Freeman Cognitive Psychology Extra Credit Paper Cognitive Psychology is a branch of psychology that focus on our mental life. It is in our everyday lives and it involves several cognitive processes. Because it is so complex, it is difficult to pinpoint exactly how many cognitive processes are used and the order in which the use of them occurred. It helps us with our decision making and problem solving abilities.

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. Name and describe two research methods in personality psychology. Two research methods personality psychologist use are observation and experimental research. Observation involves either naturalistic or laboratory-based observation where scientist obtain information about a variable or behavior from the primary source through structured or unstructured scientific observation. Experimental research is quantitative and allows personality psychologist to manipulate one or more variable, the independent variable, in order to study the change, the dependent variable that results.

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When it comes to the science of psychology psychologist are looking deeper into what affects ones behavior and mental health. Looking at the environment, health issues, cognitive, learning, and etc… How does everything affect the overall mental health of a person? 2. Distinguish between a theory, a hypothesis, and an operational definition.

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The Constantly Changing World of Psychology How can we use Psychology to determine the cause of human behavior? Psychology is defined as, “The scientific study of behavior and mental process” (Ciccarelli 5). Psychology has been a field of study for about one hundred and thirty five years. Being a relatively new field of study, psychology is rapidly changing.

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Psychology is defined as “the scientific study of the mind and behavior” (Introduction to Psychology, 2015). Psychology provides an overview of biology and behavior, sensation and perception, learning, memory, intelligence, language, motivation, emotion, abnormal psychology, and therapy (PSY 102 Course Syllabus, 2018, pg 1). Because psychology allows for a better understanding of how the mind and body work, this knowledge can be beneficial for any field of study or career. The theoretical and practical understanding of the basics of psychology can help with decision-making, critical thinking, stress management, time management, better understanding of others, improving communication, and even achieving goals and objectives, all components that allow someone to be more successful throughout their life. Throughout this course I hope to gain a greater understanding of historical and theoretical perspectives of human behavior and development (PSY 102 Course Syllabus, 2018, pg 2).

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