In chapter 7, I found the concept of punishment to be most intriguing. Punishment is a part of operant conditioning which was theorized by B.F. Skinner. Punishment is often confused with negative reinforcement. However, the main difference between the two is: while the goal of reinforcement is to increase the likelihood of a behavior, the primary goal of punishment is to reduce the chances of the behavior it follows. In 1938, Skinner concluded that punishment produces only temporary suppression of behavior but later research found that effects may be permanent.
A. Petechiae Pinpoint hemorrhagic areas that occur during birth and disappear 2-3 days after birth B. Forceps Marks Linear marks across both sides of the face in the shape of the blades of the forceps. Marks resolve on their own over several days C. Pathologic Jaundice Higher levels of unconjugated bilirubin that appears in the first 24hrs and requires phototherapy to resolve D. Port wine stain Red birthmarks that are smooth made up of tiny capillaries. They are not blanch on pressure or disappear E. Hemangioma Raised growth that is bright or dark red F. Café Au Lait Spots Flat pigmented birthmarks Head: Normal Finding or Definition A. Relationship to body Makes up ¼ of the body length B. Relationship to Chest 2-3 cm less than head circumference
1. You always try to impress other people. You seek other people 's approval of your choices and actions. 2. You talk too much and loudly.
One of the most complex aspects of being human relates to the state of consciousness. It offers perhaps the most varied of experiences, from the state in which people are in when they are not conscious to the representation of semi-consciousness to the full reality of the waken state. Cognitive neuroscience may be one of the most well-explored areas of human well-being, and yet there is still so much more to learn about the inner workings of arguably the most important organ in the body. Chapter 3 delves into the concept of consciousness and the two-track mind, in an attempt to explain everything from sleep issues to addiction to the hypnosis to the ways in which the brain processes just about everything. The brain is a highly complex organ that is responsible for everything from knowledge to personality and everything in between.
1. Sexual orientation influences a person’s sexual interest and attraction for one another. Men have stronger sexual impulse than women. A man may feel he is too desirable and will use other means to satisfy himself. Emotions are expressed through feelings of love, neurogenic, hormonal issues.
In chapter 7 the main topics that were discussed were thinking, language and intelligence. The aspect of cognition is defined as the mental activities involved in acquiring, retaining and using knowledge. Thinking involves be to manipulate internal, mental representation of information to be able to draw inferences and conclusions. With thinking there are two kinds of mental representation present which are, mental images and concepts. There are also types of concepts that are used with thinking.
1. Mood disorders affect how you feel. Typically, everyone experiences changes in mood, but a person with diagnosed mood disorder could have: a. Problems with personal life b. Problems with physical health c. Problems at work d. All of the above 2. Which of the following is true about the biology of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)? a. The tertiary amines (e.g. imipramine) is typically metabolized by demethylation to the secondary active metabolites (e.g. desipramine) and thus inhibits the reuptake of noradrenaline b. The tertiary amines (e.g. imipramine) is typically metabolized by methylation to the secondary active metabolites (e.g. desipramine) and thus inhibits the reuptake of serotonin
Chapter two covers psychological research. Psychological research is research that psychologists conduct and examine experiences and behaviors of people as individuals or groups. Scientific research is an important section for navigating our difficult world. Without scientific research, we would be forced to rely only on instinct, other people, and would have limited information. The scientific method is defined as a method made up of of observation, measurement, experiment, formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses.
Chapter 1 covers the definition of psychology and brief history of psychology. I learned that psychology is the study of the way people think, feel and behave. The goals of psychology are to describe behavior, explained, and predicted to control the behavior or change it. They are many types of psychological perspectives.
In the movie Short Term 12, a drama about a foster-care facility for troubled teenagers portrays the emotional journey of the teenagers and the staff running the facility. A troubled teenage girl named Jayden is brought into Short Term 12 because her father is not able to deal with her. Jayden has a past of self-harm and upon arrival is disinterested in befriending the other adolescents as she is not interested in “wasting time on short-term relationships.” Jayden displays symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder as she defies authority figures and throws tantrums. Using the illness prospective, Jayden can be diagnosed as having oppositional defiant disorder as well as depression.
Bowlby, Harlow, and Ainsworth each had unique positions on infant attachment and adult relationships. All three researchers pointed out that children become attached or unattached depending on the amount and type of love and affection they receive from birth. Each had a different way of creating their study. Harlow used baby monkeys taken from their mothers and replacing mom with either a metal or a terry cloth covered mom.
One of the well-known psychologists in the whole world, John Bowlby has researched and concluded how important it is for every human being to create social attachment. Important Bowlby’s theory is the theory about attachments that says how every child that is born has an urge to create attachments, because these attachments are necessary for our surviving skills. He said that if a baby that is six months old is separated from his mother, he will suffer as a grown-up person in a way where his responses to situations where he has to separate from his company, will result in a destructive behavior. Bowlby emphasized how important mother-figure is in an infant’s life by stating that without that first connection, it will be hard for that person
1.1First, we will discuss what is psychology. The name of psychology from the Greek language is the study of human and animal behavior as well as the disciplines of the theoretical and applied disciplines of psychological phenomena. Including theoretical psychology and applied psychology. Psychology involves many areas, such as perception, cognition, emotion, personality, behavior and interpersonal relationships, but also many areas of daily life - family, educational psychology, health and so on. Psychology attempts to explain the individual's basic and psychological functions and the functions of the brain, while psychology attempts to explain the role of the individual's mental functions in social and social behavior and social vitality.
4.1 “just do it”. I spend majority of my time just thinking about how I am going to get the assignment done. By the time I start the assignment it feels like I been working on it forever, when in reality I just started. When am given an assignment I need to work on it as soon as I find free time. “to eat an elephant, first cut it into same pieces”.
One of the main theories in Developmental psychology is the attachment theory that was devised by Bowlby (1969) and was added to in 1973, by Mary Ainsworth. The attachment theory surrounds the bond between a primary care giver and a baby. They believe that attachment is a deep and enduring emotional bond that connects one person to another across time and space. In 1930 Bowlby worked as a psychiatrist in a children’s unit, where he treated many emotionally disturbed children, this lead him to consider the relationship between mother and child and the impact that could have on the child’s development. Bowlby believed that the attachment process was an all or nothing process and that you either were attached or were not attached.
