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Aristotle Study Guide

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Plato: According to the philosophy of Plato, he divided the view of total reality into two realms. One that is visible world, where we are living and experienced everyday life. According to Plato this not permanent and will change by time or collapse one day. In his word “Everything Is Becoming, Nothing Is.” And there is another world which is inside our own, permanent and in perfect order. This is real reality. Plato believes that the ultimate aim of an intelligent person should be take out the reality in outer surface. To achieve this a person need to see through the both sense and realms. Plato sees the human individual made up of three conflicting elements: passion, intellect and will. It is necessary intellect to in control, governing …show more content…

What-Actually-Does-Or-Makes-It? 3. What-Gives-It-Shape-By-Which-It-Is-Identified? 4. What-Ultimate-Reason-For-It-All-Cause? Aristotle’s four causes, then, are as follows: material cause, efficient cause, formal cause and final cause. Aristotle develops his famous doctrine of “the golden mean’’, according to which a morality is the midway point between two abstracts, each of which an immorality thus kindness is the mean between profligacy and selfishness; courage between careless and spiritlessness; self-respect between self-regard and self-humility; modesty between shamelessness and shyness. Aim should be always an average personality. And it is the way to achieve happiness in life. Comparison: According to Plato there are two worlds, in one there can be no such things which are reliable in this changing world. And the other world, where true knowledge is inhabit and only accessible to intellectual people. But Aristotle totally disagree with this, according to Aristotle there is only one world and that is this where we live in and experience. Both Plato and Aristotle philosophy believes that thought are the superior sense and should be in control. However Plato thinks that sense could fool an individual but Aristotle stated that sense is needed to determine the

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Plato breaks the justification of knowledge down into two types of realms that show what can be known by reason and what can be known by the five senses. These realms, then divided into two other unequal parts based on their clarity and truthfulness, make up what is known as The Divided Line. By understanding The Divided Line we can fully grasp the differences between the perceptual, also known as becoming, realm and the conceptual, also known as being, realm. The perceptual realm is the opinions and beliefs of people or it can be known as the visible realm.

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In Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, the notion of the ‘mean’ refers to an “intermediate,” between the two extremes of “excess” and “deficiency.” Aristotle described a virtue as “a kind of mean,” and subsequently, defined virtues as “states of character,” that are “concerned with choice.” As virtues are connected to our actions, they can only be achieved by practical knowledge. Moral virtues come through habits, so in order to avoid extremes, we must learn through repetition. Aristotle stated that a virtue is more than a feeling, so a person who feels courageous, but does not act on it, is not courageous.

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