Assignment: Eukaryotic Cells

Assignment unit 3

1. Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells have: 1) a membrane-bound nucleus; 2) numerous membrane-bound organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and others; and 3) several, rod-shaped chromosomes. Because a eukaryotic cell’s nucleus is surrounded by a membrane, it is often said to have a “true nucleus.” The word “organelle” means “little organ,” and, as already mentioned, organelles have specialized cellular functions, just as the organs of your body have specialized functions. At this point, it should be clear to you that eukaryotic cells have a more complex structure than prokaryotic cells. Organelles allow different functions to be compartmentalized in different areas

It is made up of organelles suspended in the gel-like cytosol, the cytoskeleton, and various chemicals. Even though the cytoplasm consists of 70 to 80 percent water, it has a semi-solid consistency, which comes from the proteins within it. However, proteins are not the only organic molecules found in the cytoplasm. Glucose and other simple sugars, polysaccharides, amino acids, nucleic acids, fatty acids, and derivatives of glycerol are found there, too. Ions of sodium potassium, calcium, and many other elements are also dissolved in the cytoplasm. Many metabolic reactions, including protein synthesis, take place in the

Active transport requires chemical energy because it is the movement of biochemicals from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration. On the other hand, passive trasport moves biochemicals from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration; so it does not require energy.

3. Difference between endocytosis and exocytosis

Exocytosis ‘“ the process by which a cell expels molecules and other objects that are too large to pass through the cellular membraneEndocytosis ‘“ the process by which a cell takes in molecules and other objects that are too large to pass through the cellular membrane

1. Endocytosis brings molecules into a cell while exocytosis takes molecules out of a cell.2. Both processes use vesicles for molecular transport.3. Endocytosis creates vesicles while exocytosis can destroy them.4. The primary function of endocytosis is getting nutrients and the primary function of exocytosis is expelling waste.Read more: Difference between Exocytosis and Endocytosis | Difference Between