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Attachment And Resilience

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Recommended: Limitations and strengths to attachment theory

RUNNING HEAD: ATTACHMENT AND RESILIENCY Attachment and Resiliency Relationship among University Students in Turkey Dilara Özel Middle East Technical University Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1.1.Introduction to the Problem 1.2.Statement of the Problem 1.2.1.Hypothesis 1.2.2.Research Questions 1.3.Purpose of the Study 1.4.Significance of the Study 1.5.Definition of Concepts and Terms used in the study 2. Literature Review 3. Methodology 3.1. Research Design 3.2. Participants 3.3. Instruments 3.4. Procedure 4. Limitations 5. Suggestions 6. References 7. Appendices Chapter I 1. Introduction 1.1.Introduction to the Problem We all have challenging and difficult life events in our lives such as …show more content…

Attachment with the primary care giver also promotes individuals and help them to cope with difficult events in their lives. Some studies show that people who have secure attachment can cope with difficult events in their lives in a better way. It is actually connected point with resiliency, however, we do not have any further information about this relationship between attachment and resiliency. In psychology and counseling literature, there are two bodies of knowledge: attachment and resilience. These theories have crucial points for one’s life. However, literature has lack of evidence to find a connection between them. Since attachment and resiliency have so many concepts in common, realizing the connection between them and using this at counseling session may help counselors and also clients to make the process better and quicker. Especially for university students and university counseling centers, time is the most important issue. Since there are so many students who want to get help from counseling centers but there are lack of counselors and also places to give counseling service, counseling centers are usually restricted the intervention process for students. In general, counselors try to refer their clients to group counseling sessions to use the time more effectively. With these group counseling sessions, they can reach so many students at one …show more content…

At these late adolescent years, people in general start to think about greater concerns regard to their earlier ones. In addition, their cognitive development, sexuality and ethic issues start to develop. Actually, in a way people in late adolescent years try to place their own personality. Therefore, attachment and resiliency issues should be mentioned not just for the sake of time at counseling centers, but also for improving university students’ resiliency and mention attachment issues while raising awareness about their own separate

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Theories from Psychology social work draws on most ‘lecture explained that attachment Theory was developed by Bowlby as a framework for explaining the way humans interact with each other and the importance of relationships with a sense of ‘secure attachment’ particularly when the individual is exposed to stressful situations or where they feel threatened and seek a secure base. A very direct connection between attachment theory and Australia’s treatment of refugees comes in the treatment of

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Index Page Introduction 2-3 Review of Literature 4-7 Process of findings (Source-based Essay- Rough Draft) 8-13 References List 14-15 Introduction- What significant

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The quality of one’s early attachments style as infants, determines the pathways of psychosocial development for the future as they develop in adults (Broderick & Blewitt, 2015). The correlation between psychosocial functioning, self-confidence, independence, and social skills, maybe due to the result of infants whom experienced medical problems and or environmental influences. Some of these influences may have negative impact as it may have developed deficiencies in their lifespan development Presenting Issues-Description Oliva Crane is now 19, developing in young adulthood, returning into counseling during a term break home from college. Her mother Carol, is concerned about Oliva’s social development, as she appears more depressed than usual.

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Offence Analysis Having established the relevant background and demographic factors, the next part of the report will identify the predisposing factors which contributed to the development of Paul’s offending behaviour. Specifically, this report will begin to acknowledge the mechanisms between Paul’s childhood experiences and his sexual offending behaviour. Paul’s childhood experiences Relational experiences are significantly influenced by the quality of an attachment bond that is established in childhood, specifically between a child and their parent/primary caregiver (Marsa et al., 2004). According to the attachment theory (Bowlby, 1969), an attachment displays the bond between a child and their parent (primary

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Although we are studying theories, some of them appear to explain human behavior and personality with certain accuracy. John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth theories of attachment can also explain what happens to people when attachment to their parents or caregivers is healthy or potential problems that could occur due to detachments. They suggest that individuals raised with secure attachments to their primary caregivers help them to feel secure; moreover, these children appear to be more socially skilled and less likely to experience major emotional disturbances. However, failure to form healthy attachments, especially mother-child, could serve as a descriptive mechanism for many negative psychological outcomes later in the life of an individual,

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This study would be conducted using qualitative and quantitative

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This specific model was chosen based on the belief that therapeutic change may occur within an emotionally significant relationship. Additionally, this model enables us to reflect on her relationship histories and how those affect her current and future relationships. There are several key features of this intervention model that will be addressed to create the needed change and produce positive results in the intervention. The first key feature of Attachment Theory is the activation and deactivation of behavioral systems.

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The American Psychological Association (2009) defines resilience as the process of adapting well in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats, or even significant sources of stress, such as family and relationship problems, serious health problems, or workplace and financial stressors. It means ‘bouncing back’ from difficult experiences. An example of resilience in psychology is children who suffer from abuse. The negative effects of childhood abuse are well-documented. These include psychological difficulties such as conduct disorders, personality disorders, suicidal ideation, depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder, intense feelings of shame, difficulty expressing emotions, and relationship challenges (Crete & Singh, 2015).

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The paper mainly focuses on the conceptual framework of Attachment theory as well as attachment style of a client with Self-esteem issues that helps in the case formulation and treatment plan in Cognitive Behavioural Theory (CBT). Attachment style can be explained as an emotional connection of one person with another. The aim of this research study is to evaluate an association between attachment theory and cognitive behavioural approaches, explicitly pointing out similarities as well as differences between both. For the research analysis, qualitative research methodology has been selected for which distinctive previous researches, books and journal article resources has been examined as the gathered evidences are based on attachment theory

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Attachment styles affect everything from partner selection to the progress of intimate relationship, or even how the relationship ends. There is growing evidence that attachment styles are closely connected with stress in intimate relationships. Though individuals with a secure attachment style can deal with stressful life events properly, individuals with an anxious-ambivalent or an avoidant attachment style are more likely to be exposed to chronic or acute stress (Simpson & Rholes, 2012). Individuals with secure, avoidant, and anxious attachment styles have different perceptions and reactions when facing different stressors in their intimate relationships. According to the attachment diathesis-stress model Simpson et al.

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Since the ‘50s, Bowlby worked alone and with distinguished colleagues such as psychoanalyst James Robertson, ethologist/zoologist Robert Hinde and psychologist Mary Ainsworth on several different studies. Bowlby suggested that due to the attachment between children and their carers, children suffer loss when they are separated. Bowlby’s study with the ethologist Robert Hinde, inspired the idea that certain attachment behaviours have evolved as a survival mechanism (Bergen, 2008). The core of the theory today is that the quality of close relationships affects personality, emotional and social development not only in childhood but throughout the life of the individual (Howe, 2001). This suggests that attachment theory is effectively a biological, psychological and social theory of human development.

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One of the pillars of positive psychology according to Wong (2010) is resilience. Vaillant (2003) wrote that one way to view mental health is through resilience, which he defined as the use of coping strategies to overcome stressful life experiences. Additionally, Everly (2009) concluded that a central tenant of positive psychology is resilience. Resilience can be thought of as a person’s ability to cope effectively with negative life experiences, and it can develop as a person experiences positive personal growth through negative events (Dunn, Uswatte & Elliot, 2009). A variety of protective factors inside the person, in the culture, and in the environment combine to foster resilience (Greve & Staudinger, 2006).

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Friborg, Hjemdal, Rosenvinge and Matinussen (2003) identified family cohesion is also a factor affecting resilience. Family cohesion means a bonding within a family which the family members would share their ideas and feelings with each other. If a person faces adversity and he can share his feelings with his family members, he may relax and be confident to deal with the problems. Also, family members can show support by simply an encouragement or a hug. Therefore, he may be easy to adapt to the difficult circumstances as well as more resilient.

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Presence of a clean adult who is out of habits, affection and love, positive caring, parental self efficacy, hobby, community involvement, religion and reasonable community protection are protective factors for development and maintenance of resilience (ENCARE, 2007). There are positive outcomes that happen with the development of resilience, by overcoming of risk factors and enhancement of protective factors. The outcomes help in the transition from a stage of adversity to a stage of accomplishment. These positive outcomes are also the ones that measure the efficiency of the individual and community protective factors in creating resilience. Certain positive outcomes are planning of the life ahead with the knowledge of difficulty, reflection of positive outcome in the self esteem, improved confidence, self efficacy, a sense of direction, social problem solving skills, locus of control with self and awareness of choices (ENCARE,

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In 1991 Norman Garmezy developed a theoretical framework for resiliency. Garmezy (1991) proposed three types of protective factors that make up his theoretical framework, which includes individual characteristics of the individual, a close-knit relationship with the family and lastly, social support and structure outside their immediate family. The primary factor in developing resiliency relates to the person's intelligence and character, and Garmezy (1991) states that resilient youth have above average intelligence. Garmezy (1991) defines the second factor in developing resiliency as one that includes the support of family to help with difficult conditions. The third common factor of resilient youth is external support from institutions (Garmezy, 1991).

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