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Benito Mussolini Research Paper

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On March 23, 1919 Benito Mussolini founded the Fascist party in Italy (History.com Staff). Mussolini was a World War I veteran and a publisher of Socialist newspapers in Italy. (History.com Staff). Mussolini decided to break off from Italian Socialists and he established the nationalist Fasci di Combattimento, which is commonly known as the Fascist Party (History.com Staff). Some of the main characteristics of fascism are a government led by a dictator, who has complete control, the government forcibly suppresses all opposition and criticism, the government controls all industry, commerce, and other economic factors, and aggressive nationalism and sometimes racism are promoted by the government ("Fascism"). In October of 1922, Mussolini led …show more content…

After taking Italy Mussolini's ideals appealed to western allies and new treaties could have been made, but his brutal invasion of Ethiopia in 1935 ended all hope of forming any new treaties (History.com Staff). Instead Mussolini joined Hitler in supporting Francisco Franco's Nationalist forces in the Spanish Civil War, and a treaty was signed between Nazi Germany and the Italians in 1937 (History.com Staff). In July 1943 Italy's failure in the war, and the impending invasion of Italy's mainland from the Allies led to a rebellion within the fascist party (History.com Staff). On July 24 the Fascist Grand Council rejected the policy dictated by Hitler through Mussolini and the next day Mussolini was arrested (History.com Staff). Fascist Marshal Pietro Badoglio took over the Italian Government after Mussolini was arrested and the Italians surrendered completely to the Allies (History.com Staff). Eight days later German commandos freed Mussolini from his prison in the Abruzzi Mountains and Mussolini was later made the leader of a section of Northern Italy that was controlled by Nazi Germany (History.com

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His exceptional talents and intense nature as a youth was an advantage for a party that accomplished so little over the past years. When Italy entered the World War I, Mussolini was against it but he changed his attitude with the alleged reason of making Italy a great power and regain Austro-Hungarian territory.

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He believed that only a strong leader like himself could defeat conflicts caused by other political parties (especially communists/socialists) and post-war problems (World War I). Mussolini’s first call to action was creating a group called the “Blackshirts” that would carry out beatings against communist leaders and throwing them out of office. People of all different backgrounds joined including teachers, business people, and store owners (Document 5). Mussolini constantly told his people that he was going to restore Italy back to its glorious Roman Empire era. He backed up his sayings by invading Ethiopia.

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Benito Mussolini made many changes in Italy’s government, and economy. “In February 1923, Mussolini and the Fascist Grand Council introduced the Acerbo Law. This law changed election results. Now if one party got just 25% (or more) of the votes cast in an election, they would get 66%of the seats in parliament. ”(history learning site)

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Benito Mussolini was one of the strongest opponents towards democracy and liberalism, primarily in his native nation, Italy, and also in other areas in the world . He was, thus, a strong enthusiast of fascism. Adolf Hitler, on the other side, used the style and policies of leadership that were largely linked

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Ken Kesey was born on September 17, 1935 in La Junta, Colorado. He attended the University of Oregon and graduated with a degree in speech and communication in 1957. He enrolled in the creative writing program at Stanford University in 1958, where he developed lifelong friendships with a number of authors. It was during this time he participated in army experiments involving LSD and guinea pigs. These experiences inspired him to write his first novel.

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By subduing Libya (1922-1932), pacifying Somalia (1923-1927), conquering Ethiopia (1935-1936), helping the Nationalists win the Spanish civil war (1936-1939), and seizing Albania (April 1939), Mussolini made Italy predominant in the Mediterranean-Red Sea region.” (history) The quotation shows that Mussolini believed he could build his own empire, and his Fascist movement won a lot of wars as well. “Rome comrades! Through you I want to speak to the Italian people, to the authentic, real, great Italian people, who fight with the courage of lions on land, sea and air fronts…

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In 19139-1945 however, “during the month of Sept, 8, 1945, Mussolini was restated, German took control of Italy, the Gustavo line was established to slow the

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Benito mussolini promoted the doctrine of fascism within Italy for his dictatorship and power. Fascism is the suppression of a country with radical nationalism. Benito Mussolini was a socialist dictator who demonstrated the actions of fascism, and was acquainted with Hitler and wanted to follow Hitler’s stratagem. “Italy was the first European power to turn to fascism. The country was one of the victors in World War I, but the war was costly and Italy did not gain much.”

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Nazi Germany is the common name for the German Reich from 1933 to 1945 with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in command. Fascist Italy is the era of National Fascist Party rule from 1922 to 1943 with Benito Mussolini as the totalitarian ruler. Under Hitler’s rule, Germany was transformed into a fascist dictatorial state that controlled all aspects of life. The fascists, in Italy, imposed totalitarian rule and crushed the political and intellectual opposition. With this being said, there are other similarities and differences between Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.

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Communism believed in a classless society, while Fascism followed a dictatorship, but maintaining a dictatorship required the suppression of the people. Fascist ideology believed that “war alone brings up to their highest tension all human energies and puts the stamp of nobility upon the peoples who have the courage to meet it,” which requires constant violence to prove power (Lualdi 236). By 1924, Mussolini was able to gain 65% of the vote for fascism, but in 1933, the Nazi party only gained 44% of the vote, and even with a minority ruling party was able to gain control of the government. Both Mussolini and Hitler came into power through legal means, but Mussolini was named Prime Minister in the hopes of avoiding war but after gaining control. Yet after their legal rise into power, they used coercion and violence to further their fascist rulings.

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Mussolini made a group paramilitary unit called the “Black Shirts,” they would terrorise political opponents. Mussolini was successful and by 1922 Italy slipped into political chaos. Mussolini saw this as a chance to gain authority of Italy. Soon after this happened Mussolini declared that on he could restore order and he was given authority. By 1925 Mussolini had dismantled all democratic institution.

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In 1919, Benito Mussolini described fascism as “A movement that would strike against the backwardness of the right and the destructiveness of the left.” That “Fascism sitting on the right, could also have sat on the mountain of the center… These words in any case do not have a fixed and unchanged: they do have a variable subject to location, time and spirit. We don’t give a damn about these empty terminologies and we despise those who are terrorized by these words.” Fascism came into prominence in the early 20th-century Europe. It originated in Italy during World War I.

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This eventually led to the March on Rome. The March on Rome was, however, merely a bluff, as the aproximately 30 000 marchers would have easily been overpowered by the military. The King of Italy at the time, Victor Emmanuel, did, however, fear civil war as a result of the March on Rome, due to the fact that the military had previously shown to be sympathetic towards the Fascist movement’s causes. This unrest led politicians close to the King advising him to appoint Mussolini as Prime Minister, as they believed that Mussolini could be subjugated and that the Fascists could be induced to moderate their programme and behaviour. This highlights the fact that it was the result of an unstable government and military, rather than force, that led to Mussolini being established as Prime Minister.

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In response to this action, Benito Mussolini claimed that

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Fascism and Nazism have many things similar, however, there are also some considerable differences between them. Concerning the background, both Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany rose because people were discontented with the weak democratic governments at that time and strongly felt the Paris Peace Settlement unfair. Italians were not satisfied with the limited reward granted to them after the WW1 compared to their huge contribution (i.e. the Italian government had made huge military expenditure and the total cost of the war is 148,000 million lire, twice more than the total sum expenditure of all Italian government for 1861 to 1913) (Lee, 2000).

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