Biology Lab Report

In biology, one way or another everything is related or connected. Cells are the power of all living things and without them life would be relatively short or there would be no life at all.
When biologist think of cells they think of the process of how cells functions and what stages they go through. The cells that go through meiosis are the sex cells that produce the sperm and the egg. Using the basic knowledge of the meiosis cell cycle scientist used that as their background knowledge to perform experiments that they had questions over genetics, cells,
DNA, or how life functions. Two very famous scientist known as Gregor Mendel and Thomas
Hunt Morgan performed experiments of inheritance and genetics.
Meiosis is a special type of cells division.

The first cell division, meiosis I, the cell separates the homologous chromosomes. Which in order for the chromosomes to be homologous it has to have the same location of the centromere, gene, and length size of the chromosome.
Meiosis I goes through four stages, prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, and telophase I, as well as cytokinesis in telophase. In prophase I, the chromosomes shorten, the nuclear envelope, and the nucleolus disappears. As this is happening the spindle apparatus is forms and the exchanging of two chromosomes takes places in prophase I. Metaphase I is where the homologous pairs and chromosomes line up in the metaphase plate. Anaphase I is where the pairs of homologous chromosomes separate and are on the opposite polar ends of the spindles. Telophase I and cytokinesis is where two haploid cells forms and the spindle slowly breaks apart. While this is happening the nuclear envelope, and nuclear membrane begin to form again. Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm and this process forms two haploid cells. In this process of meiosis I a cleavage furrow forms for animals and for plants a cell plate forms in the last stage of

Meiosis II is the second division process that separates sister chromatids.
Meiosis II goes through the same stages prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis. Prophase II is where the spindle that was broken off in the last stage of meiosis I is now forming back again and the nuclear envelope disappears. Metaphase II is where the chromosomes align vertically down the metaphase plate. Anaphase II is the stage where the sister chromatids separate and they are located in opposite ends of each other. Telophase II is where the nuclei forms and the chromosomes are located towards the corners where the spindle is and the spindle apparatus breaks apart once again. After this the nuclear envelope reforms and the chromosomes are strengthen and cell division begins.
Gregor Mendel was a scientist known for his dihybrid and monohybrid cross experiment.
His experiment was about how can you predict what traits will be passed onto the next generations. Using this question to guide his experiment he decided to use garden peas as the material for his experiment. One pea being purple (dominant) and the other being white
(recessive). He was testing out a monohybrid and a dihybrid cross to test his experiment.