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Blood Pressure: Two Key Components Of The Human Body

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Two key components of the human body, blood pressure and heart rate, are crucial to determining how healthy a person is. Blood pressure, or the pressure of the blood in the cardiovascular system, is crucial in the human body, because it is the main transportation system that travels to and from cells. Heart rate is the speed of the heartbeat measured by beats per minute. The nervous system and brain contributes to upholding these two critical areas by monitoring and controlling them. The brain and nervous system are able to control both the heart rate and blood pressure due to the two carotid sinuses, that are located in the right and left carotids, and the aortic arch. The nerve endings on the outer layer of both the carotid sinuses and the aortic arch form two different nerves, which are known as baroreceptors. Baroreceptors, or receptors for pressure, send information concerning what is happening in blood vessels, particularly about stretch. The more pressure in blood vessels, the more they stretch. These pressure receivers send multiple signals to the Medulla oblongata and brainstem. The number of signals sent during normal stress levels determines that the blood pressure of a person is normal. Under stressful situations, a person’s blood pressure will increase, and thus, the number of signals that are sent to the brain will be less that …show more content…

Epinephrine, otherwise known as adrenaline, is a hormone secreted by a small gland above the kidney. This hormone will typically constrict when it acts on the arteries, but will dilate on certain ones. Epinephrine makes the heart beat faster and stronger. The sinoatrial (SA) node is one of the major elements in the cardiovascular system because it is the heart’s natural pacemaker. The SA node creates electrical impulses throughout the heart muscle, activating the heart’s ability to contract and pump

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Electrical signals begin at the SA node, bringing about atria contraction, and after that proceed onward to AV node, postponing electrical impulses to permit blood from the atrium to fill the ventricles. Signals move from the AV node to the heap of His and after that to the Prukinje fibers, which then permit the ventricles to contract. A heartbeat includes a contraction stage systole and an unwinding stage diastole. These contractions of the heart are animated by electrical impulses which begin from the nodes that are available in the heart; sino-atrial (SA node) and the atrioventricular (AV node). These nodes are bunches of nerve of

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INTRODUCTION Spinal anesthesia is the most commonly used technique for lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries as it is very economical and easy to administerIntrathecal α2 agonist when used as adjunct potentiates the effect of local anaesthetics and allows a decrease in required doses.. Different drugs have been used as adjuvants to prolong the duration of intraoperative and postoperative analgesia adrenaline being the first drug used and latest being dexmedetomidine. These adjuvants have their own advantages and limitations. Efforts to find a better adjuvant are underway since long.

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Drugs that alter sodium and water balance like Diuretics (eg. Hydrochlorothiazide) reduce the volume of blood by promoting the kidney’s excretion of salt and water, as well as decreasing the blood vessel stiffness or resistance. Drugs that decrease sympathetic nervous system activity like beta-blockers (eg. Propranolol) synthesize blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart and other organs in order to reduce cardiac output or the amount of blood the heart pumps. Vasodilators like calcium channel blockers (eg. Nifedipine) reduce the amount of extracellular calcium that goes into cells of the vascular smooth muscle.

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Thus, the sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate, and the forced contractions widen the airways making it easier to breathe. Your body now releases stored energy, which allows for increased strength in muscles, and can also cause your palms to sweat, pupils to dilate, and hair to stand up. The parasympathetic division is most active during resting conditions, hence, why it can also be called, “rest and digest”. This division controls body processes during ordinary situations. It generally slows down your heart rate and decreases your blood

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Stress is a natural human response that prompts us to address problems and situations. When under stress, your hormones are released and your body goes into a fight or flight response. You begin to sweat more, your heart rate and blood pressure increase, and your muscles tense. This is why stress is so detrimental to our health. Especially for African Americans, who are already at high risk for high blood pressure given that it's part of genetics.

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This type of shock occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood effectively. This is evident to patients who have had myocardial infarction, such as John’s case. In this illness, the heart has decreased contractility resulting to decreased cardiac output. Such decrease will stimulate the sympathetic nervous system to activate the compensatory mechanism by increasing the heart rate as evident in John’s vital sign to increase the peripheral pressure and ventricular

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"The body produces stress hormones that make you more alert and raise your blood pressure temporarily, but over time this causes minor damage to the blood vessels, which can cause health problems down the track." What to do: Simple tactics you can use during the day to claim back some "me" time and relieve pressure include switching off your mobile, putting your answering machine on, or logging out of e-mail for half an hour. You can also take a short walk or, if you have time, treat yourself to an indulgence such as seeing a movie by

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The natural pacemakers of the heart called SA (Sino-atrial) node. SA is in the grooves where the superior vena cava meets the right atrium. After SA generates electrical signals, the cardiac impulse travels across the walls of the atria causing the atria to contract. The impulses generated by the SA node are also transmitted to the atrioventricular (AV) node located in the lower part of the right atrium near the right ventricle. When the electrical signals reach the ventricle walls from pacemakers, ventricles contract and builds up the pressure which pushes blood and opens semilunar valves.

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High blood pressure is a common condition that a lot of people sufferer from. This is when the force of blood on the walls of your arteries is either too high. Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to supply your tissues with oxygen and nutrients. In the hearts two chambers called ventricles contact with each other heart beat to push blood to the lungs and through the arteries the body. As blood flows through them three main factors affect pressure on your artery walls the first is the cardiac output or the amount of blood your ventricles push out of your heart every few minutes.

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In other words, the increase in stroke volume occurs as a result of improved ventricular force of contraction. Heterometric and homeometric control governs myocardial force of contraction. While homeometric control is independent of the myocardial fibres length at the end of diastole, heterometric control depends on this length of myocardial fibres at the diastole end and is mainly influenced by the venous return (Agarwal et al. CC06). The respiratory pump, as well as venoconstriction skeletal muscle pump, influences the rise in venous return during physical activity.

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Introduction This essay will reflect on my personal experience, skills, and knowledge gained from my studies and practice of undertaking blood pressure (Bp) whilst completing my professional placement. Bp may be defined as a force of blood against vessel walls in the body, consisting of systolic and diastolic pressure measured in millimeters of mercury. (Waugh and Grant, 2016) Systolic pressure occurs when the hearts left ventricle contracts and forces blood into the aorta causing a heightened atrial pressure, while diastolic pressure refers to complete cardiac diastole, this is when the aortic valve closes and pressure is at its lowest between beats, blood moves into smaller corresponding vessels and the heart rests.

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The Basic Facts of High Blood Pressure The heart is a tough operating mechanism which moves blood around the body through a very advanced system called arteries and capillaries; the blood is then carried back to the heart by means of veins. Blood pressure is the thrust of this blood in the body pushing up against the inside walls of the arteries as the heart is pumping. high blood pressure, systolic, diastolic, heart Article Body: The heart is a tough operating mechanism which moves blood around the body through a very advanced system called arteries and capillaries; the blood is then carried back to the heart by means of veins.

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