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Brian Christian's The Most Human Essay

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Social network: a person’s network of social interactions and connections as it relates to specific events and relationships. Humans have evolved to depend on the inner-workings of a social network in order to progress and function in society. A social network allows us to connect and develop a more comprehensive understanding of each other’s lives and, thus, facilitates this innately human characteristic. However, as our society rapidly progresses forward, our uniquely human capabilities tend to decrease due to the sudden proliferation of technology. Compared to the past, technology, such as artificial intelligence/AI, is able to do many behaviors that it was unable to do before, including actions that are seen as “only human”. Thus, the increase …show more content…

These artificially intelligent lifeforms are programmed extensively so that they are able to complete only one task and, thus, must be programmed to complete every other task that is needed by this lifeform. Due to this fact, the artificial intelligence’s limitations of simply “thinking” of the ideas that it was programmed with ultimately exhibits its non-human abilities. This idea is portrayed throughout Brian Christian’s “The Most Human Human”. In this novel, Christian discusses the artificial intelligence’s non-human abilities through his discussion of the AI and the judge’s conversation during the Turing Test. During the Turing Test, the judge consistently tried to change the subject on the AI, stating, for instance, that “Judge: I’m cold. Remote: But how do you actually feel about him, now in the number two term. Judge: Hey, don’t you get it? I don’t want to talk about Clinton. Remote: Sorry… where was I… oh yes OK, but what happens now—does it all drift on” (Christian 198). In this quote, the programmed AI followed a specific protocol of conversation, one that flowed perfectly during the first instance with the judge. However, once the judge changed the topic of discussion, the AI did not follow correctly like a human would in a conversation. Instead, the AI continued with the conversation it was programmed with. This exhibits the non-human …show more content…

However, these differences do not solely lie in an individual’s abilities. Instead, human’s expression of emotions is a uniquely human characteristic that, through a comparison to artificial intelligence, contributes to our idea of what exactly makes us “human”. Artificial intelligence, for instance, is able to conduct many computational activities, yet it is unable to express emotions. Although critics may contend that artificially intelligent life-forms, such as Siri in Apple’s IPhones or Samantha in Her, are able to express emotions, these emotions are not those found on a deeper level. Not only are these emotions rudimentary, but also the emotions that these AI showcase are programmed and, thus, are not authentic compared to the authenticity of human emotions. This idea that AI is unable to express human emotions is presented in Brian Christian’s “The Most Human Human” once again, specifically in the instance where Christian writes of the Turing Test. The Turing Test is a test that is given to AI in order to determine the capacity at which the AI is able to function similar to that of a human. This is done with a panel of judges who will have a conversation with the AI and the human to determine (through an anonymous exam) which conversation belongs to whom, thereby discovering if the AI has the potential to express

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has a human mind because the A.I. is creating to pass this exam. Nowadays, A.I. can do only a task that exactly decided, for example automated drive, doing chess game, or Siri in the iPhone. In addition, there is a problem of language. Even if the A.I has a great system of managing language, it is impossible to use language in true meaning. It is only the ability that human have.

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To sum up, he is concerned that artificial intelligence has slowly changed and has controlled human brain

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In the paper Emotion Understanding: Robots as Tools and Models by Lola Cañamero and Philippe Gaussier the role of emotions is discussed in a number of ways. Motivation is used as an example of a result of emotion in robotics as emotions are tied to differentiating between desirable and undesirable stimuli. A robot's ability to assign a value to an object or situation, it is faced with using emotions such as fear, disgust, and anger can be helpful when prioritizing tasks. In addition, emotional intelligence can help the agent to approach a task it has been working on for a prolonged amount of time in a new way. Frustration, the emotion an agent would feel when it has been doing an action repetitively with no desired result, would enable it to recognize its ineffectiveness and switch to another method.

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To pass the test a machine will need to have a sophisticated knowledge of human behaviour to impress judges by adding quirks such as wrong answers and typing errors to appear more human. The capability to fake being human, rather than exhibiting true intelligence goes against the spirit of the Turing test (Legg and Hutter, 2007). The Turing test is also fundamentally unreliable as it depends on human judges to decide on classifying a test subject as a human or machine. This has lead in some cases to unintelligent machines passing the test and a case of a human failing the test, according to Shieber (1994) as cited by Legg and Hutter (2007). The Eliza effect arguably demonstrates the unreliability of humans as judges of machine intellgence.

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Lee Spector uses Darwin’s theory of evolution to argue that Artificial Agents could have an impact on their improvement in the future, since the idea that AI will improve by itself was discussed in the past. He argues that agents that learn, grow or “redesign themselves to some limited extent”[3] best achieve intelligent behavior. Since Intelligent Agents are most likely to know what could improve their performance and just like humans they can detect where their flaws are and where to go to fix them. However, Elizabeth Wilson discusses the need of emotions in AI. She mentions a research in the mid 1990s that argued the importance of Emotional Intelligence (EI) in AI, “cohabitation of affect and artificially has been evident in AI from the very beginning”[4].

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