Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular system and Circulatory systems
The Circulatory System
The Circulatory System is responsible for transporting materials throughout the entire body. It consist the heart, blood vessels, and the blood that circulates blood throughout the body. It delivers nutrients and other essential materials to cells, and removes waste products. The circulatory system is also known as the cardiovascular system. And without the circulatory system, the body would not be able to fight disease or maintain a stable internal environment such as proper temperature and pH known as homeostasis.
Parts of the circulatory system
The circulatory system is divided into three parts, which are:
The heart
The blood
The
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It’s an organ that never stops beating until it stops functioning. The heart is a shallow, red organ and a strong double pump, made by the cardiac muscle. It’s situated between the lungs in the thoracic cavity, lying slightly to the left of the body. The heart is shaped like an upside-down pear and it’s approximately the size of its fist. Like other body parts, the heart needs oxygen in order to grow and develop properly. It’s responsible for circulating blood, oxygen and nutrients around the body.
The wall of the heart is made up of three layers:
The Endocardium – is the inner layer of the heart wall.
The Myocardium – is the middle layer of the heart and it’s made up of the cardiac muscle.
The Pericardium – is the outer layer of the heart.
The heart consist four types of chambers, which are:
The right atrium
The left atrium
The left ventricle
The right ventricle
The right and left atrium are the upper chamber of the heart (atria) and the left and right ventricle are the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles). A muscular wall called the septum separates the right and left sides of the heart. Each chamber con-sist a valve. A valve prevents the backflow of blood. Valves have different names, such
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The aorta is the largest artery in the body. The blood that leaves the aorta is full of oxygen, this is important for the cells and the brain to do their work. Oxygen reaches the blood and travels throughout the body in its system. On its way back to the heart the blood travels through a system of veins as it reaches the lungs, the carbon dioxide (waste product) is removed from the blood and replaces with fresh oxygen, which we inhale through the lungs. The heart muscle contracts and relax-es. The heart muscle that contract is known as systole and the heart muscle that re-laxes is known as