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Short Essay: The Effects Of Stress On The Cardiovascular System

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Effects of Stress on the Cardiovascular System Cardiovascular System and Stress: The Cardiovascular system known as the system in the body which circulates blood containing nutrients (oxygen and glucose) and waste substances (carbon dioxide and urea); this system is also responsible for circulating lymph (colourless fluid that contains white blood cells protecting organisms against disease). The cardiovascular system itself consists of the heart and blood vessels (arteries and veins), which pumps blood throughout the body. The heart itself is the variable pump consisting of striated cardiac tissue (dense arrangement of myosin and acting overlapping). Composed of 4 different compartments called the atria (right and left atrium) which are responsible for pumping blood into the ventricles at low pressures; here the right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from systemic …show more content…

Examples include being late, argument, exercise (voluntary or involuntary), etc. This triggers hyperventilation state, which triggers increase in respiratory rate, therefore supplying body with higher oxygen content; stimulate sympathetic release previously mentioned which releases cortisol, noradrenaline and adrenaline chemicals into the bloodstream, increasing cardiac output and total peripheral resistance, therefore increasing heart rate and blood pressure; which pumps more oxygen at a faster rate throughout the body. Shortly after, parasympathetic release will kick in and acute stress responses dissipate. Due to being short-term stress, there is no time for extensive irreparable damage to be done, but their post-stress symptoms present: muscular problems (like pulled muscles, tendons and ligaments leading to headaches, back pain), and post emotional stress like irritability, anger, anxiety or depression. [McGonagle,

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Sympathetic nervous system is the one that will be engaged. This is because; sympathetic nervous system normally functions to produce reflex adjustments and localized adjustments of the cardiovascular system. Under conditions of stress, activation of the entire sympathetic nervous system occurs producing the fight-or-flight response. What characterizes this response is an increase in heart rate, epinephrine release from the adrenal gland in large quantities, vasodilation of the skeletal muscle, cardiac output increase, vasoconstriction of cutaneous and gastrointestinal, dilation of pupillary piloerection and bronchial dilation. Preparing the individual for imminent danger is the overall effect (Bechir 2010).

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When we do encounter a stressful period our body triggers a response to either fight or flight the situation. During the stressful situation our body quickly react in such way the put out a hormone that tell us to either speed up the heart rate, slowing

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The heart is a vital organ, which pumps blood around the body which allows all of the cells and organs in the body to receive oxygen and nutrients that they require to function. It is a part of the cardiovascular system which also includes the blood vessels and veins. Within the heart, there are four chambers – two atria and two ventricles- and between each chamber there is a valve which blood flows through as it leaves the chamber. Valves have the physiological role of preventing blood flowing backwards through the heart. Unidirectional flow is critical and allows the heart to function in the most efficient way possible (Moore, 2014).

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The sympathetic nervous system can respond to stressful situations such as fear, cold, exercise, trauma, and hypoglycemia. The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system works by increasing the heart rate and blood pressure by activating the energy that is otherwise stored in the body. The sympathetic division is also known by another popular name which is the fight or flight mode (sympathy-adrenal response) and the reason why they named it this is because when the body experiences stressful situation it triggers sympathetic activation in the adrenal medulla which causes it to release epinephrine and lesser amounts of norepinephrine. These hormones that are released make their way directly into the bloodstream and promote the response that affects the target organ. The sympathetic nervous system acts as an entire unit meaning that it will discharge as a whole

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The primary circulatory system is made up of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. Blood is carried to the entire body through the blood vessels via the pumping of the heart. Oxygen and nutrients are carried to the cells and carbon dioxide and waste are carried away from the cells. When the heart pumps the blood, it pushes up against the artery, this force is called blood pressure. If the force is too high it is called hypertension.

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Stress and emotion have shown that their effects stem through the same bodily systems including the brain (limbic system), the autonomic nervous system, and hormones which today can be seen as the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal system (HPA) (as mentioned in module 2). When in a, or following a stressful event, such as being fired, person K can begin to exhibit changes within his/her body. The activation of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal system during the stressful event activates the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, which sends electrochemical signals to the anterior pituitary, which produces adreno-corticotropic hormone (ACTH). This hormone stimulates the adrenal glands to have a final result of releasing the stress-related hormone cortisol into the bloodstream (as mentioned in our textbook, p.124). Cortisol activates glucose production needed for metabolically demanding action by suppressing his/her immune system, increasing heart rate and blood pressure thus distributing blood to appropriate muscle groups involved in the fight-or-flight behaviour (as mentioned in our textbook, 124).

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The hypothalamus in the brain is in charge of the stress response. When a stress response is triggered, it sends signals to two other structures the pituitary gland, and the adrenal medulla. Then, the fight-or-flight reaction kicks in. The fight- or- flight a physiological change that increases the heart rate, arterial blood pressure, and blood glucose, initiated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). How the nervous system reacts to stress

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(Image from mindtools.com) Selye identify three stages of stress response which are: 1. Alarm stage It is the first reaction to stress context in which generally the body identify the stress as a threat or danger and activate fight or flight response system and release stress hormones, these hormone enable you human body to perform activities that the body don’t usually do while these happened blood pressure start to rise putting the human body on danger of facing stroke, heart attack or muscles

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The cardiovascular system gets rid of waste products and oxygen and nutrients is brought to the body by it. This system is made up of the blood, blood vessels and the heart. These work together to transport the oxygen and nutrients. The cardiovascular system additionally helps to control an individuals temperature, spreading proteins and hormones and various other chemicals to different parts of the body. In the cardiovascular system the heart moves the blood around the body (acts like a pump) and different types of blood vessels (e.g. arteries, veins and capillaries) have well defined features that make viable their functions in the body’s circulatory system.

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If one simply tries to rethink stress not as a sign that they are not coping well with pressure but as their body’s attempt to make them stronger for the situation at hand, the physical and mental effects of stress change greatly. They were less stressed, less anxious, and more confident in themselves. But a truly interesting bit was the physical response when the person was like this. “Now, in a typical stress response, your heart rate goes up, and your blood vessels constrict like this. And this is one of the reasons that chronic stress is sometimes associated with cardiovascular disease.

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On the other hand a lot of stress can backfire completely and can be a horrible thing for you. Too much stress can even cause health problems for you. According to Mayo Clinic stress can affect your physical health as well as your mental health. For physical health it can cause head and stomach aches, sleep problems, chest pain and even a change in your se drive. Stress can also affect your behavior, it can cause your to have anger outburst, social withdrawal and might even cause you to turn to drugs and alcohol.

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