Therefore, he was the first to conceive the mind–body problem in the form in which it exists today. The central affirmation of what is regularly called Cartesian dualism, in recognition of Descartes, is that the spiritual mind and the material body, while being rationally distinct substances, causally interact. This is an idea that remains to emphasize highly in various non-European philosophies. Mental events create physical events and vice versa. In contrast to dualism, monism does not endure any significant divisions. The fundamentally diverse nature of reality has been fundamental to forms of eastern philosophies for over two millennia. Although absolute idealism, such as that of George Berkeley, is rare in modern Western philosophy. Berkeley