Example of enzymes involved in biological processes are classified into; oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerase and ligases. Catalase an oxidoreductase and among the vital enzymes in the body, it catalyses the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide
The different possible substrates for avocado catechol oxidase have very different Km’s and Vmax’s (Table 1). The Km’s range from 0.7 to 95, and the Vmax’s range from 0.58 x 105 to 17 x 105. The enzyme’s own substrates catechol has a Km of 6.5 and a Vmax of 5.4 x 105. Some of the substrates are better suited for catechol oxidase than others.
There are few vegetables and fruits that turns to the color brown if their surface is exposed to oxygen. Once the veggies or fruits been exposed to oxygen, then the browning begins to appear, and electrons and hydrogen will be removed. This happens because of an enzyme called catechol oxidase. The enzyme will act on its substrate catechol to form a yellow compound which then reacts with the oxygen in the air and change into benzoquinone. The more concentration of the enzyme, the more browning appears.
Catalysts are chemicals that can be added to these reactions to increase the rate of the reaction without being changed or consumed. Enzymes act upon specific molecules called substrates. The relationship between enzymes and substrates can be thought of as a lock and key relationship. Every substrate has a specific enzyme that can act upon it and change it.
Results Figure 1. Effect of temperature on the reaction rate between catalase and H2O2 Figure 1 shows that the optimum temperature for catalase to catalyze hydrogen peroxide is around room temperature (30℃) as it has a very fast reaction rate (5). The overall trend is that temperatures that differ from 30℃, will decrease the reaction rate. Discussion This experiment supported the hypothesis, since catalase was the most effective with hydrogen peroxide when it was in an environment with a temperature of 30℃.
Effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity Exploration: Introduction: Catalase is an enzyme normally found in many plant and animal tissues. Its purpose is to destroy toxic substances like hydrogen peroxide which is a byproduct in many cellular reactions. In this lab, we will use a catalase solution from yeast and determine the effect of substrate concentration on the action of this enzyme. The substrate of the enzyme will be different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
Based on the results from Part A, the enzyme concentration is directly proportional to the rate of reaction. This means that as enzyme concentration increases so does that rate of reaction when the catalase is placed in the 140ml of 3% hydrogen peroxide. Referring back to Graph 1.1 it is evident that the there is a steady increase in rate of reaction as the concentration went up which explains why the line of best fit is positive. This relation happens because the substrate concentration of the 3% hydrogen peroxide is always in excess in comparison to the enzyme catalase concentration then as we increase the concentration of catalase there will always be a substrate that may be catalyzed. Factors that may affect this relationship would be temperature
The aim of the investigation was to determine the effect of pH on the rate at which catalase decomposes hydrogen peroxide and consequently answer the researchable question “How does pH influence cells and consequently an organism”. The hypothesis, “As the pH deviates from 7 the initial rate of oxygen production will decrease” is supported by the results. The trend displayed in Figure 3 is, as the pH deviates from 7 the initial rate of reaction decreases. Figure 3 shows that the rate of reaction (%O2/s) decreases substantially as the pH increases and decreases to 8 and 6 respectively from a pH of 7.
There is a narrow range of conditions in which enzyme activity is at its peak. The conditions that have to be optimal in order for the enzyme to function its best includes pH, temperature and environmental factors. The optimum conditions are often values that correspond with the enzyme’s natural environment. When these external conditions are too extreme, the enzyme can denature. Denaturation is the change in the enzyme’s 3D shape which ultimately reduces the enzyme’s ability to catalyze a reaction.
They can only quicken reactions that will eventually occur, but this enables the cell to have a productive metabolism, routing chemicals through metabolic pathways. Enzymes are very specific for the reactions they catalyze; they make sure the chemical processes go in the cell at any given time. Peroxidase was the enzyme being testing in this experiment. A peroxidase is an enzyme that acts as catalysts, which occurs in biological systems. Peroxidase is found in plants, which they play a role in helping to minimize damage caused by stress factors or insect pests.
Introduction: Plant leaves contain many enzymes, and the rate of enzyme reaction differs with the concentration of the substrate present. One of the enzymes present in any plant’s leave is catalase. Catalase is an extremely reactive enzymes that do not need cellular reductants, as they usually catalyse a dismutase reaction (Mhamdi, Queval, Chaouch, Vanderauwera, Breusegem & Noctor 2010) One may find out the rate of catalase reaction through placing different plant leaves of the same species in different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, and measuring the time taken for the leaf to flip over or counting the amount of oxygen bubbles produced in a set time. In this experiment, the rate of enzyme reaction was measured by measuring the time
sides. Every type of bacteria has a different morphology, it is important to distinguish it to aide in identifying bacteria. The last test that should be performed after reviewing the results of the streak plate is the Catalase test. This test is used to see if the bacteria produces catalase, which is an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into H20 and O2.
Catalase acts by breaking down hydrogen peroxide and producing water and oxygen. Glucose oxidase then acts by converting glucose sugar into gluconic acid the reaction then utilizes the oxygen released from hydrogen peroxide 4. Catalase is used in the textile industry: Catalase is used to decompose hydrogen peroxide and produce water and oxygen. Catalase is introduced in the dyebath before adding dyes and chemicals to remove hydrogen peroxide. Catalase is effective as it neutralizes before the dye is added to the textiles.
Literature review Research question is how different temperatures affect the catalase enzyme. What is an enzyme? Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions. Substrates are molecules that enzymes could act upon and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products.
A catalyst is a chemical which interacts with the substrate in the reaction in order to alter the rate of the chemical
