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Enzyme Literature Review

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Literature review
Research question is how different temperatures affect the catalase enzyme.
What is an enzyme? Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions. Substrates are molecules that enzymes could act upon and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. Enzyme catalysis is needed in almost all metabolic processes in order to happen in rates/ways that are fast enough to sustain life. (wikipedia. 2018. enzyme. [ONLINE] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme. [Accessed 1 March 2018].)
The biological processes that happen in all living organisms are chemical reactions, and most are regulated by enzymes. A lot of these reactions would not take place at …show more content…

Change in temperature
The reaction rate of enzymes is affected by temperature, as do pH, substrate concentration and enzyme concentration. At low temperature the enzyme activity is low. As the temperature increases the rate of reaction increases,usually 2-fold for every 10 degree Celsius elevate.
Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Action. (2018). Brilliant Biology Student. Retrieved March 1, 2018, from (-- removed HTML --)
The activity peaks at a specific temperature depending on that specific enzymes optimum temperature. Optimum temperature is the temperature at which an enzyme is most active. Beyond the optimum temperature the activity of the enzyme decreases.this is where the enzyme starts to denature and becomes inactive.
(parul kumar. 2018. factors affecting enzyme activity. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.biologydiscussion.com/enzymes/factors-affecting-enzyme-activity-6-factors/11207. [Accessed 1 March 2018].)
What is the Catalase enzyme?
Catalase, an enzyme that brings about (catalyzes) the reaction by that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. Mostly found in organisms that live in the presence of oxygen, catalase prevents the build-up of and protects cellular organelles and tissues from damage by peroxide, which is constantly produced by frequent metabolic reactions. catalase is found mainly in the liver of …show more content…

Temperature has an effect on both the structure of the catalase itself and the hydrogen bonds it is designed to cleave. As the temperature increases toward the optimum point, hydrogen bonds loosen, making it easier for catalase to act on hydrogen peroxide molecules. If the temperature increases beyond the optimum point, the enzyme denatures, and its structure is disrupted. In humans, the optimum temperature for catalase is 37 degrees CelsiusRole in Living Organisms
Although its ability to break down a toxic molecule such as hydrogen peroxide might make catalase seem to be an indispensable commodity, mice engineered to develop without catalase have a normal physical appearance. Some research has indicated that a lack of catalase can lead to the development of type 2 diabetes. It seems that some other molecules within living organisms are able to sufficiently break down hydrogen peroxide—enough to sustain life. The toxic nature of hydrogen peroxide also makes it a powerful disinfectant.
And in conclusion from the information ive found ,catalase functions best at around 37 degrees Celsius as the temperature gets colder or hotter than that, the ability to work will denature and the enzyme will be

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