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Causes Of The 2009 Miami Earthquake

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2009 Samoan Earthquake and Tsunami Report
Stage one: Cause
The 2009 Samoan Tsunami that occurred on the 29th of September was a major earth science event, caused by two significant earthquakes. Generally, with most earthquakes it’s a single earthquake which is followed by few or several aftershocks. However, the 2009 Samoan earthquake was one earthquake which triggered the second earthquake to occur. This event was called a ‘triggered doublet’. As a consequence of these two earthquakes, the 2009 Samoan Tsunami was created which lead to the destruction of the main coasts in Samoa, American Samoa and Tonga. These earthquakes occurred around 6:48am (Samoan local time) with the second earthquake occurring seconds after the first and were measured …show more content…

Tsunamis are different to normal waves because the energy doesn't come from wind, because wind affects the surface and doesn't significantly increase the size or speed of waves. Instead, tsunamis are created by energy that originates from underwater. Tsunamis can occur from volcanic eruptions or submarine landslides, but the 2009 Samoan tsunami was caused by a submarine earthquake, generated from the initial fault rupture. The sudden movement of the seafloor rising around 7 meters, caused by the second earthquake, led to a massive amount of energy in the water. This energy then travels up to the surface which then displaces water, raising it above the normal sea level. Gravity then pulls the water down which makes the energy ripple out. This results in the formation of a tsunami, moving around 500 miles per hour. From shores, tsunamis aren't noticeable because it’s too far to see due to the distance, and that it’s constantly moving through the whole depth of the water. That means that the tsunami hasn’t yet created high waves and is mostly travelling within the water before reaching the shore. When reaching the shallower parts of the water, a process called wave shoaling happens. This means, that due to less water being available for the tsunami to move through, a substantial amount of energy is compressed. This causes the waves speed to slow down, consequently the tsunamis height can rise to as high as 100 feet. With the 2009 Samoan Tsunami, waves were recorded to have reached around 46 feet (14-15m) easily sweeping people, homes and facilities away.(8) The trough of a tsunami usually reaches the shore first, the water withdraws further than normal before the wave actually hits the shore, this is dangerous because it is one of the major

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These destructive waves are usually caused by earthquakes under the ocean. For example, in the article, What Causes Tsunamis, it states, “An earthquake is caused when tectonic plates (large pieces of Earth’s crust), quickly slide past one another, releasing a huge amount of pent-up energy”(Sanborn 61). This evidence is important because when the pent-up energy is released, it causes displacement in the water. This causes large ripples in the ocean to form a terrifying tsunami. These tsunamis can reach up to 6 miles wide and 131 feet high.

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A tsunami is a series of great sea waves caused by an underwater earthquake, landslide or volcanic eruption. A tsunami is a series of many waves known as wave trains. A tsunami can also be generated by a giant meteor. Most tsunamis are known to be formed by underwater earthquakes.

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They are also far out at sea, like rogue waves. They start in the depths of the ocean, then come inwards to land. In addition, they are made on the ocean floor. The text says, “Tsunamis are caused by landslides, volcanoes, or earthquakes that occur on the ocean floor.” (Sanborn 61) Tsunamis are also caused by icebergs falling off, meteorites hitting the ocean surface, and other natural

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The Great Chilean Earthquake which happened in the afternoon (15:11 local time) (SMS Tsunami Warning) of Sunday May 22nd 1960 was the largest of the 20th centrury, with a magnitude of 9.5, though it is disputed that it might have been 9.4 or 9.6. (Encyclopaedia Brittanica). The earthquake was so strong that in a chart of global seismic release from 1906 to 2005, nearly 25% of the world earthquake energy in a hundred years was from the 1960 Chile earthquake (Western States Seismic Policy Council). The earthquake was the cause of one of the “most destructive Pacific-wide tsunamis,” (Disaster Pages of Dr. George Pararas-Carayannis), and the tsunami caused by it affected southern Chile, Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines, eastern New Zealand, southeast

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The earthquake was caused by the Nazca plate releasing tension and descending 15 meters underneath the South American Plate. Many people had got the warning, and evacuated, but most of them stayed back to fight through the storm. This caused a 7.6 magnitude earthquake , but the worst was still

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Then tsunamis are close to shore and caused by lots of natural disasters. Usually tsunamis are near the middle of the ocean but do go toward shore. Usually tsunamis are near the ring of fire. In the article it states that tsunamis are most likely to occur on lands surrounding the Pacific Ocean. This is the western coastline of North and South America, the Aleutian chain and the eastern coastline of Asia to Japan, this region is called the “Ring of Fire”( Simmons 62 ).

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Not too long ago an 8.0 magnitude earthquake hit northern Chile. That earthquake caused tsunamis and landslides. A tsunami is a long high sea waves caused by an earthquake, submarine landslide, or other disturbances. A landslide is a sliding down of a mass of earth or rock from a mountain or cliff. It caused millions of coastal residents to evacuate their homes.

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The wind basically stirred up the waves. It made the waves big and powerful. The wind had speeds of 60 miles per hour. Worst winds they've seen in centuries. Those winds made the waves big.

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They have the same impact like secondary hazard. They are tsunamis, secondary hazard, that causes after the earthquake, tsunami had killed a lot of people and destroy area around there. The effect for Valdivia earthquake are too big so they’re traveled across to the Pacific Ocean and traveled along to the southern Chile, Hawaii, Philippine, Japan and etc, with the speed are over than 200 miles per hour. While the effect for Alaska is also big, that why this incident which is caused tsunami and massive landslides are also affect a lot in Canada to Hawaii.

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Animals and plants become at risk for extinction, or endangerment, when environments and ecosystems are changed by human activities or other natural causes (Wright & Boorse, 2014). Regrettably, human activity is usually the source of environmental change and endangerment to a species through pollution, over-consumption, and in some regions of the world, over-population (Wright & Boorse, 2014). Also attributable to the destruction of a species, are the human activities that result in habitat loss and the introduction of an exotic species into foreign ecosystems (Wright & Boorse, 2014). Human activity is not solely to blame, as each species also has natural predators; however, habitat loss, relating to economic development, appears to be the

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This article is about tsunamis and how they can impact someplace greatly. Tsunamis are large waves that can span more than 100 feet high. They occur because of earthquakes and in extreme cases can kill tens of thousands of people. Also tsunamis can cause mass damage and devastation to houses and families that are present in the location of the wave. Places in Southern California are now in risk for not just Earthquakes, but tsunamis too.

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These two plates push and shove each other causing small tremors throughout which can cause landslides,volcanic eruptions and once in a couple years, quakes with devastating results. The strongest earthquake recorded occurred in 1991 with a measure of 7.6 on the Richter scale. This earthquake left 4 dead and buildings as well as bridges and road were completely destroyed. If another Earthquake occurs, the coastal cities would be the most affected ones as they are closer to the plates.

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According to philosopher, Karl Marx, “All social rules and all relations between individuals are eroded by a cash economy, avarice drags Pluto himself out of the bowels of the Earth” (Marx 3). A peek at the surrounding planet discloses society is the birthplace of avarice. Individuals suddenly no longer crave to achieve based on ability but, solely for their social standing. Considering what forms society, social rank including both wealth and race are two common elements affecting it. Entitlement and pride grow as concerns ultimately standing as obstacles to those wanting a climb on the social ladder.

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Earthquakes are caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves that make the ground shake. When two plates are rubbing against each other, they stick a little. Most earthquakes occur along the edge of the oceanic and continental plates. Due to stress they shift and cause the earthquake.

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