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Chapter 13 Section 1 Outline

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Chapter 13 Section 1 Outline Constitutional Rights Citizens and noncitizens alike have the rights to speak freely, to read and write what they choose. Constitution guarantees the rights of U.S. citizens The whole society suffers if the people do not carry out their responsibilities as citizens Constitutional Rights Guarantees certain basic rights in the Bill of Rights, comprised of the first 10 amendments. The Bill of Rights, in particular, stands as a written guarantee that government cannot abuse the rights of individuals. Bill of Rights was originally intended to offer protection against the actions of the federal government. James Madison introduced a series of amendment that became the Bill of Rights in 1791. Amendment places certain …show more content…

The Establishment Clause Thomas Jefferson stated that by passing the First Amendment, Americans had “declared that their legislature should ‘make no law respecting an establishment of religion.” Religion in Public Life Government officials take their oaths of office in the name of God, nation’s coins have carried the motto “In God We Trust”, Pledge of Allegiance includes the phrase “one nation under God”, and public meeting open with prayers. Everson v. Board of Education 1947 case involved a challenge to a New Jersey law allowing the state to pay for busing student to parochial school. County determined that the law benefited students rather than aiding a religion directly. State Aid to Parochial School In Board of Education v. Allen the court upheld state programs that provide secular, or nonreligious textbooks to parochial schools. Court has used a three-part test to decide whether such aid violate the establishment clause. -Have a clear secular, nonreligious

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In another case, Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe, 530 U.S. 290 (2000), prayers were offered before graduations and football games by a student elected chaplain. While the case being processed in district court, the school district issued another policy that permits, but does not require that all students participate in the student-led prayer. The court ruled that the football game prayers were authorized by a government policy and taking place on government property which was perceived as government establishing a religion. This case relates to O’Connell v. Hopewell School District, New Jersey because the football team is practicing on government property. Additionally, in Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe, since the prayers were on government property, it was perceived as a government entity establish a

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I don’t agree that the Pledge of Allegiance violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment because you are not praying to anything or anyone. I would agree that the nondenominational prayer does violate this clause. The reason being is that schools are not allowed to require that there is to be a prayer because it comes down to the separation of church and state. Church is where you can go and pray, as well as practice your religion. The state, however, cannot mandate that there be prayer in school because it is not something that they can do because of the First

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In the 1950’s the cold war had begun. The fear of retaliation from communists was at large. Some Americans believed that communists were amongst them plotting. This lead to a dark time in history when American opportunity became limited for many. Most rights were limited, normal life was disrupted, and the most necessary human right may have been taken.

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“...they serve to advocate religion in violation of... the First Amendment...” (Court) This quote is saying that the school’s prayer was seen as a violation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment because of the government's involvement in all public schools. In the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment, it states, "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof." This reinforced that the Engel vs. Vitale court case was caused by a violation of the First Amendment, since the morning prayers could be seen as prohibiting.

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