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Charles Darwin Origin Of Species Chapter 7 Summary

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Charles Darwin Origin of Species chapter IV focuses on Natural Selection. This is when an organism is different from the others. For example, more fur, longest legs, and sometimes different color. That gives them an advantage and helps them live better and longer in their environment.Natural selection occurs when favorable characteristics in a species are selected for while injurious variations are selected against. In this chapter Darwin discusses why these characteristics can be an important for survival. Nature makes any slight advantage increase an organism’s likelihood of surviving over another, since these advantages are heritable it’s perpetuated in future generations. According to Charles Darwin, there are survival advantages …show more content…

This limits species by not honoring advantageous characteristics on them. Such action, consequently making these species less likely to survive and also putting them at risk of extinction. The question some people may ask while reading this chapter is, how do species and varieties differ? In chapter II Darwin discusses the quandary of differentiating variations within a species from variations that signal the subsistence of two separate species. It is nearly impossible to define the difference between varieties and species. Based on my knowledge and understanding in biology species are living organisms consisting of comparable individuals able to exchange genes. Variates are classificated subdivision of species that consist a group of naturally occurring breds. Sexual selection is the selection of a mate based on certain characteristics, like the largest antlers, the brightest colors, the best nest-building skills.Which is another factor in species evolution.male individuals with variations that allow them to successfully attract females are more likely to reproduce and therefore to produce more offspring than others. For example the brightly colored feather of a bird, or singing to their potential mate. These traits will be passed on to offsprings and the cycle keeps

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Natural selection, the process in which individuals that have certain inherited

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For Natural Selection to occur there must be some level of variation among the population that is heritable.

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What is a species? • Species is a group of members that breed together and have similar appearances. Convergent evolution • Convergent evolution is when species of a different group share similar traits because they have to adapt to the environment they share. Divergent evolution • Divergent evolution is when species come from different groups and form together to become a new species.

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Cheering is a physical activity where groups perform routines while yelling cheers. (Harmon) Cheerleading is a popular activity for many schools and universities. (Harmon) This activity can be traced all the way back to the 19th century.

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• Natural selection is a process in nature which only the most fit and adapted organisms tend to survive and reproduce, which leads to a change in characteristics over time (Free Dictionary, 2013). Charles Darwin was a marine biologist who set out to search the globe for five years. He carefully observed nature as well as reason; it’s this combination of observation and reason that puts him on the pedestal of the greatest marine biologist (MB News). Darwin noticed a specific change and process in nature and gave it four components: variation, inheritance, high rate of population growth, and differential survival and reproduction (Evolution). These four processes make up natural selection.

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Thinking further and associated his observations with all these theories, which made more sense. Darwin observed that there were thirteen types of finches and the only differences between them were their beaks and that they each were suitable for the type of food they ate. Also observed, traits from parents can be passed to their offspring. The organisms had more offspring that their environment could “handle”. He noticed that resources were running out and that caused competition between groups.

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This process is known as natural selection, which explains how Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution can occur. Natural selection is an important component of evolution. It occurs when some members of a population are better fit for survival and proliferation than others in that population. The environment in which organisms live plays a large part in natural selection as well.

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Natural Selection is the long gradual process in which Biological traits either become more or less common in a population as a function of the effect of inherited traits on the differential reproductive success of organisms interacting with their environment. In Darwin’s work The Origin of Species he also mentioned evidence for the Theory of Evolution from his voyage around the world on The H.M.S. Beagle. The Origin of Species is probably the most influential work on evolutionary biology. The Origin of Species will help prove my thesis because it introduces the ideas that we base on evolutionary biology today.

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The third type is disruptive, “Disruptive selection occurs when natural selection favors both extremes of continuous variation. Over time, the two extreme variations will become more common and the intermediate states will be less common or lost” (“Types of Natural Selection” np). For example, on a beach, dark and light oysters would have more options to conceal themselves: white beach sand and shadows from rocks (“Types of Natural Selection” np). The fourth type is kin selection, “Kin selection occurs when natural selection favors a trait that benefits related members of a group. Altruistic behaviors are a result of kin selection, and are best illustrated by animals with complex sociable behaviors” (“Types of Natural Selection” np).

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Sexual selection is a theory that Charles Darwin discussed in his book, The Descent of Man. The theory is that animals evolve certain traits over time, such as striking ornaments on a ram, to compete with other members of the same sex to be selected by the opposite sex for the purpose of mating. Some animals evolve and gain a physiological difference than the opposite sex, this phenomena is called sexual dimorphism. . Some animals have small differences such as beasts on a female human and some traits are more prominent. animal with clear sexual dimorphic differences are peacocks.

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In the 1850s, Alfred Wallace and Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution by observing different species behaviors, characteristics and mutations in their natural habitat and documented their discoveries. This theory states that; “All living things evolve by adapting to their environment.” On the supercontinent of Gondwana, the species roamed free, all individuals of the species were alike. When continental drift separated the landmass into two the species were divided between them. Each subgroup of individuals adapted so differently to each other due to their different environment that eventually they would become to subspecies of what they once were.

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Charles Darwin, an English naturalist and geologist, created a concept known as sexual selection. A quote from NESCI describes sexual selection as “choosing traits that enable an organism to reproduce, without necessarily helping them to survive are selected for”. The animals that are picked to reproduce pass their selected traits onto their offspring and the traits that are not picked eventually die off within the population. Some examples of these selected traits include coloration, increased size, or ornaments. In an article written by Francisco Jose Ayala, it is elaborated that the preference shown by female animals for their male counterparts have an effect on whom she will mate with.

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Introduction The theory of evolution has been discussed, evaluated, and researched many times since the theory was first brought to light. Darwin’s theory of evolution is said to be divided into two parts, common decent and natural selection (Bouzat, 2014). Many research papers agreeing with Darwin’s theory comment on the diversity of a species and how they have descended from one common ancestor. Natural selection is a process in which species that are better adapted to the environment tend to survive and reproduce (Dictonary.com).

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It is related with Biological Essentialism, which refers to the idea that “we are how me are” because our genetic “makeup” which is not subject of change impacted by environment changes. In other word, people diminish the idea that variety of species is a result of million year’s natural selection process by discrediting the evidences such as fossils. They seek for immediate answer to the questions like, “why monkeys does not turn into a humans”? Furthermore, for some people there is a lack of fossil records to show the “whole story” for this transformation in the past which they see it as the missing link. It is precisely this reason why many people simple cannot pursue the idea that changes or variety of species happen throughout a very long period of time and cannot be visible to us, as we only can physically witness a small fraction of the earth’s long

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(Le, 2014) The next argument against can be found in evolutionary

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