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Natural Selection Case Study

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• Natural selection is a process in nature which only the most fit and adapted organisms tend to survive and reproduce, which leads to a change in characteristics over time (Free Dictionary, 2013). Charles Darwin was a marine biologist who set out to search the globe for five years. He carefully observed nature as well as reason; it’s this combination of observation and reason that puts him on the pedestal of the greatest marine biologist (MB News). Darwin noticed a specific change and process in nature and gave it four components: variation, inheritance, high rate of population growth, and differential survival and reproduction (Evolution). These four processes make up natural selection. Without these processes we would not get the three different types of distribution, stabilizing, disruptive, and directional. Each type of distribution correlates to natural selection. For example, case study two, out of our Biological Sciences book is a directional distribution investigation. In this case study, Galapagos finches were measured before and after a drought. The results from this experiment were that the smaller and medium beaked finches died off while larger beaked finches survived. In a graph it is depicted that there were around the same number of finches for all three beak sizes, whereas after the drought the …show more content…

They are ridged with a segmented exoskeleton that has jointed limbs and they molt as they grow. These roly-poly bugs are in a species of more the 3,000 and most live on land. They prefer habitats that are dark and damp because they breathe through gills i.e., under rocks and logs (Jordan and North, 2014). By varying in speed and color, roly-poly bugs are easily hidden in their dark and damp habitats, but only the quickest and darkest survive. These bugs are prey to birds, lizards, spiders and frogs; if you are the weak link in your population you will be

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Joshua Rabideau 11/10/2016 BIOL 380 – Lab: Monday Black-Capped Chickadee Foraging Habits There are numerous organisms and interactions occurring within any ecosystem. Many times, the interactions between organisms and habitats are based on the energy needs of the organisms. In this experiment, a null hypothesis that the Black-capped Chickadee forages on various trees at random. Upon data analysis of the gathered information, it can be determined that the Black-capped chickadee were not choosing foraging sites at random. The results of a chi square test gave a value of 19,890 which is significantly larger than the 16.812 value needed to void the null hypothesis with six degrees of freedom; the probability that this variation was due to chance is less than .01.

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We compared the level of difficulty for the bird to pick the food up and the amount. I found that the bigger the beak was the harder it was to pick up the food but gained a larger amount. The smaller the beak was the easier it was to pick up the food but gained a smaller

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In a directional selection there is only one trait and it is always that dominant trait that dictates body of the population. The best example to show this is that in the area that giraffes live in the vegetation is in the higher trees so the giraffe has adapted a neck that is long enough to reach the vegetation that is crucial to its survival. It’s a lot like being graded on a curve where Directional selection is only going to have one peak to its curve but disruptive would have two peaks. 1. Many pathogenic bacteria

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This meant that in the population there were already ten different color of prey that occurred naturally. However, when the environment was a blue background with colorful flowers and butterflies, many of the different colored prey had gone extinct and the red prey had the highest number of survivors. Also, environment two was pink, white, and black plaid and the prey that had the most number of survivors in that environment was white. This demonstrates that depending on the environment, different variations of a trait would be successful. It also demonstrates that the adaptations in this experiment depended on the environments.

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Do to the drought less and less smaller seed were produced. In january 1978 at its lowest there were only 2 grams per square meters of seeds. This dramatically affect the finches. There are two different beaks sizes one large and one small this, drought did not majorly affect the

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This lab was designed to study the birds’ preferences of habitat site, seed size, feeder gradient, and how every species will interact with other species. The study site for this lab was in Hammond Woods, and in order to complete this experiment, we set up 8 types of feeders, which varied in open or closed site, big or small seed, and high or low feeder. The data were collected from different study groups from different time of the day, the experiment started from the beginning of October, and last for 1 week. Before this lab, we came up a null hypothesis that all Chickadee, Titmouse and Nuthatch will show no preferences on seeds size, feeding gradient and habitat sites, which means they will choose open and close sites, large and small seeds,

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The animals' alleles can be influenced by factors such as genetic drift, gene flow, artificial selection, and sexual selection. Genetic drift is an event causing the random deaths of animals. Gene flow is where animals migrate to different a different population

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This argues that different species adapt to their environment through mutations and this can also explain how a species can gradually evolve. An organism does not evolve in its lifetime, because species evolve as whole through variations. Whether the variation is in color, structure, or a physical trait, they allow us to tell a species apart from others. An example of this can be seen through any species, but Charles Darwin took close interest in observing mockingbirds when he was visiting the Galapagos Islands. The mockingbirds had subtle differences or variations in their color.

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Predator and Prey Report HYPOTHEIS: H0: I predict that there will be no difference between animals that have strong genes and weak genes. HA: I predict that animals with strong genes would have more opportunity to survive than the ones that have weak genes. INTRODUCTION: Natural Selection is the process by which populations are able to adapt and evolve.

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Materials 10 Isopods (Pillbugs) Isopod choice chamber Paper towels Stop watch Graph paper Methodology We will put 9 out of the 10 bugs on the dry side of the choice chamber by hand, leaving one in the middle of the choice chamber to make a decision.

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Charles Darwin introduced natural selection, and this linked up with his

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Genetic mutation (changes at the level of DNA and genes) makes the natural selection happen. Mutations can be as a result of chemical or radiation damage or errors in DNA replication. Mutation can also be intentionally induced in order to adapt to a rapidly changing environment. Ernst Mayr Categories of Darwinism Darwin’s theory of evolution or Darwinism can be divided into 5 parts (Ernst Mayr): I “Evolution as such” – he supported the ability of species to change over time.

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Charles Darwin and Jean – Baptiste Lamarck are two of the earliest scientist known for their distinct concepts of evolution. Although both concepts aimed to explain the complexities of evolution, they each take a different approach. Darwin approached evolution through his views of natural selection, while Lamarck approached it through his model of acquired Characteristics. Darwin’s natural selection referred to survival of the fittest. In organisms some variations are better adapted to their conditions of life than others, and, on average, the favorable ones are preserved while the others perish (Holmes.,1948).

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Introduction The theory of evolution has been discussed, evaluated, and researched many times since the theory was first brought to light. Darwin’s theory of evolution is said to be divided into two parts, common decent and natural selection (Bouzat, 2014). Many research papers agreeing with Darwin’s theory comment on the diversity of a species and how they have descended from one common ancestor. Natural selection is a process in which species that are better adapted to the environment tend to survive and reproduce (Dictonary.com).

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Darwin's theory of evolution is a widely held concept that all life is related through the descent of a common ancestor with modification. It presumes the development of life from non-life and how complex creatures evolve over time from more simplistic ancestors by a process called natural selection. From generation to generation, natural selection occurs from differences in survival, fertility, rate of development, mating success, heritable variations (i.e size, shape, behavior, color) among organisms or changes in traits that eventually confer an advantage in the competition for resources. As Darwin observed different species, he noticed how creatures that carry these variations and survive the “struggle for existence” pass on their heritable traits or traits that

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