Exp. 10 - The Chemistry of Natural Waters David Graves 11/10/15 CHEM 111 Section 104 TA: Lai Shi Group Members: Jasmine Graves, Brad Hensler, Peter Hoholick Introduction Experiment 10: The Chemistry of Natural Waters investigates the topic known as water hardness. Hardness is a chemical property of water that evaluates the concentration of dissolved divalent cations such as Ca and Mg, which happen to be the two ions that are tested for in the experiment. Hardness can be measured in multiple ways such as molarity (M) or parts per million (ppm). Since all natural waters contain ion concentrations of dissolved minerals, it is important to known the hardness value because hard water can cause scale formation in industrial …show more content…
Numerous tests have been created to measure the magnitude of said concentrations. The tests range from simply evaporating the solvent and examining the leftover nonvolatile residue that remains, which is known as the total dissolved solids (TDS) of the sample, to chemical titrations using indicators (EDTA), to advanced spectroscopy of the sample using emission spectrums to determine ion absorbance values (AA Spectroscopy). There are a few differences between AA Spectroscopy and EDTA titrations when it comes to determining water hardness as both tests use different techniques. AA Spectroscopy is used to determine the concentration of metal ions in a water sample. A spectrophotometer is used to read the absorbance value of the cations in a flame that emits a photon read by the machine. Different elements will emit different lengths of photons which in turn produces an absorbance value. The absorbance values are then plotted on a calibration graph to determine the unknown concentration. EDTA titrations require much less equipment since it is more of a chemical test. An indicator EBT is added to a known volume of your water sample and should turn blue. Then, the indicator reacts with the Mg ions in the sample to turn to a pinkish-red
Goals The primary goal of this experiment was to identify an unknown compound by running various tests to determine the qualitative solubility, conductivity, and pH value of the compound. Tests were also performed for the presence of specific cations and anions in the compound. The second goal was to discover the reactivity of the unknown compound by reacting it with different types of substances. The third goal of this project was to calculate the quantitative solubility of the unknown compound in water.
Moonshine, white lightning, mountain dew, hooch, homebrew, and white whiskey are terms used to describe high-proof distilled spirits that are generally produced illicitly. Moonshine is typically made with corn mash as the main ingredient. Liquor-control laws in the United States that prohibit moonshining, once consisting of a total ban under the 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution, now center primarily on evasion of revenue taxation on spiritous and/or intoxicating liquors, and are enforced by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives of the United States Department of the Treasury; such enforcers of these laws are known by the often derisive nickname of "revenooers". History
Summer Reading Essay: The Color of Water James McBride turned out to be a very good man although his outside influences growing up would encourage the opposite. Growing up with more than one father figure in his life and many older brothers and sisters sent his life spiraling out of control but eventually came to a calm and quiet hault. A father is someone who is supposed to teach his son to be a man; not every man has the same beliefs or teaching, so having many different views in and out James’ life was probably hard to balance. The many men that took on the role of his father as he went through life had major effects on him and made him who he is today.
3mL of the liquid in each of the vials were added into cuvettes and measured in the spectrophotometer. Before each time point the photo spectrometer was zeroed using a cuvette with 3mL of distilled water. If any of the results were considered unusual the machine was zeroed again and the sample was retested. The results from the spectrophotometer test were recorded in a table. The experiment was repeated six times to gain a sample size of six.
The Color of Water, by James McBride, is about his journey to find who his mother is and who he is. It talked about problems between different races and between jews and society. Many of the events that the characters went through are relatable and heart breaking. The Color of Water is a heart-touching story.
I organized four different tests; pH paper, alkalinity tests, the number of rocks neutralizing acid, and the number of rocks that don’t neutralize acid. The average for pH paper was seven. The pH is the numeric scale used to specify the acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous solution. The pH scale measures acidity and alkalinity. the pH scale goes from zero, which is an acid reading, to fourteen, which is an alkaline reading.
Weighed 1 gram of NaC2H3O2 and mixed it with ionized water. Boiled 12 mL of 1.0M Acetic Acid added into a beaker containing the sodium carbonate on a hot plate until all the liquid is evaporated
The documentary "Trouble the Water" is filled with stories and different accounts of the aftermath of hurricane Katrina. The film begins by introducing Kimberly Roberts and her husband. They are the main characters of this film. The first part of the film shows the day leading up to the hurricane as shot by Mrs. Roberts home video. It focuses on the evacuation order and the people who are not able to leave for lack of transportation.
When analyzing the book Waterlily, by Ella Cara Deloria, it is important to recognize the vital relationship she illustrates between the Dakota Sioux tribe and their values of kinship. The book both incorporates the complex nature of kinship, but also constructs a comprehensive timeline of the traditional lives of the Dakota Sioux and how the interact within their society. Deloria strives at epitomizing how important kinship is in everyday life for the Dakota Sioux; and how it keeps them organized into one exhaustive, organized society, thus allowing them to stand together in solidarity. The entire idea of how vital kinship is for the Dakota Sioux tribe is exemplified in the beginning of Waterlily, when Blue Bird and her grandmother leave the camp in order to gather food for the merciless winter which was ahead of them. After returning to their camp they were shocked to find that the camp had been ravaged, with the inhabitants of it either missing or slain.
Experiment 2 Report Scaffold (Substitution Reactions, Purification, and Identification) Purpose/Introduction 1. A Sn2 reaction was conducted; this involved benzyl bromide, sodium hydroxide, an unknown compound and ethanol through reflux technique, mel-temp recordings, recrystallization, and analysis of TLC plates. 2. There was one unknown compound in the reaction that was later discovered after a series of techniques described above.
11) After you have prepared the dilutions, clean the outsides of the cuvettes with a paper towel. 12) Place the blank tube (tube 0) in the spectrophotometer. Since distilled water has no color it will not absorb any light so the absorbance number would be zero and this done to test the absorbance scale on the Spectrophotometer for the purpose of having it calibrated correctly. 13) Set the spectrometer to a wavelength of 530 nanometers. 14) Place the cuvettes (numbers 1-6) with the appropriate substance and record it’s reading in the data table.
Stop Taking Clean Water for Granted Can you stop for a moment and think what would happen if we didn’t have water; clean water? It seems impossible, as we use water to drink, cook, clean, grow things, and for everything else in life. Unfortunately, because of the easy access to one of the most plentiful, and most valuable resources in the world, some people take water for granted. In contrast, other poor people live in places where the only easy way to get water is from a dirty irrigation ditch. Or their only source of water is backyard faucet shared by several homes.
Introduction: In this lab, of water in a hydrate, or a substance whose crystalline structure is bound to water molecules by weak bonds, is determined by heating up a small sample of it. By heating, the water of hydration, or bound water, is removed, leaving only what is called an anhydrous compound. Based on the percent water in the hydrate, it can be classified as one of three types: BaCl2O ⋅ 2H20, with a percent water of about 14.57%, CuSO4
Strong acids and strong bases are strong electrolytes and are assumed to ionize completely in the presence of water. Weak acids however, only ionize to a limited extend in water. Any weak or strong acids when in contact with any weak or strong alkali will start to undergo neutralization regardless of their volume. When an indicator which is present in the acid-base mixture and have experienced colour change, it indicates that the mixture is in right proportions to neutralize each other and is also known as the equivalence point.
The topic of this research paper will cover over Ocean Acidification and the effects on marine ecosystems. Ocean acidification is the decrease in pH levels of the Earth 's oceans, due to overbearing carbon dioxide being brought by the atmosphere. The carbon dioxide is drawn by seawater, where the chemical reactions take place, which minimize the pH levels in the ocean, the carbonate levels and the important calcium carbonate which these sea creatures need. When carbon dioxide disperses in this ocean, it causes the levels of acidity to rise towards the the surface, where most shell growth in marine animals have been stopped and has created the cause of reproductive disorders in multiple fish. Part of the problem with ocean acidification is human activity.