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Important of classical conditioning
Relevance of classical conditioning theory
Important of classical conditioning
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1.Classical conditioning is a learning process first discovered by the Russian physiologist Ivan Petrovich Pavlov in the early 1900s. The theory of Classical Conditioning deals with the learning process leading us to gain a new behavior via the process of association. Internal mental thoughts and brain mechanisms play a huge role in associative learning. Classical Conditioning works by pairing involuntary response with stimulus. After which, unconditioned response becomes conditioned response.
Ivan Pavlov: He discovered the concepts of conditioning and classical conditioning. Did experiments with dogs to see if they would associate a neutral stimulus to an unconditioned stimulus to solicit a response. 23. Jean Piaget: He believed our interjection projection is driven by an unceasing struggle to make sense of our experiences.
It was around this time that Pavlov and Watson stated that the main piece of classical conditioning was the repeated pair of conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus. Robert Rescorla stated instead that maybe is where the conditioned stimulus provides the info that allows the organism to predict the appearance of the unconditioned stimulus. Biological predispositions
According to Rathus (2015) classical conditioning is basically learning to identify occurrences or events with other events (p. 125). My aversion with seafood and classical conditioning is associated with the smell of seafood. When the aroma of seafood is around, I will immediately breathe out of my mouth, or flee to another space. Chapter Six
A. How Do We Learn? a. Learning- the process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information or behaviors. b. John Locke and David Hume echoed Aristotle’s conclusion: we learn from association, as our minds connect events that occur in sequence.
In this particular case study, both Kendra and her son, Austin, have been classically conditioned by her ex-husband and his father. Kendra’s ex-husband was abusive, while Austin had witnessed this abuse as he was growing up. According to Robert Feldman, Classical conditioning is a type of learning that can lead to a “permanent change in behavior that is brought about by experience.” It is evident that the abuse had caused Kendra to be so afraid even of the noise of a motorcycle nearby.
Classical conditioning is when someone learns to respond to a certain stimuli, usually has to do with an event from the past that happened that causes a response. We have unconditioned stimulus and unconditioned responses before we experience anything, and after the event we are trained to have a conditioned stimulus and response. The stimulus can also be generalized, meaning anything similar to the original condition stimulus can work the same and trigger the conditioned response. Or discrimination of the stimulus can also occur. Discrimination is when the conditioned response occurs only when a certain stimulus is present, and does not work with any other stimuluses.
One method of classical conditioning which can be used to treat problem behaviours in humans is systematic desensitization. This type of therapy aims to treat phobias through counter-conditioning principles. This is where a person is exposed to small doses of the feared stimulus while engaging in an enjoyable task. In the case of systematic desensitization, the enjoyable tasks tend to be related to relaxation such as meditating in order to replace the fear response associated with the phobia with a relaxed response. This is done by acquiring relaxation techniques in order to make themselves feel more comfortable when confronted with their fear.
Nevertheless, Skinner points out that children learn nothing from the punishment. Instead, they may start to work out how to avoid it (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Another concept is classical conditioning (classical behaviorism) that emphasizes on the relation between stimuli and response. This concept embodies in a famous experiment, in which the food is presented to the dog when the bell rings, and the bell becomes a conditioned stimulus for the dog (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Likewise, if children receive toys in the condition that they behave well, then they will probably repeat this behavior to get the toys.
Classical conditioning is definitely used by politicians, advertisers, and moviemakers. “Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about a response.” (pg.172) This means that politicians have to influence us in order for us to agree with their ideas, basically manipulating our minds without us knowing. Younger children are continuously growing so it is easier for advertisers and moviemakers to manipulate and interest them in their product.
The major key findings that were discovered in this study include the idea that it is possible that after being conditioned to react to a certain stimulus, the subject could possibly begin to generalize different objects that may cause the subject to react the same way towards the generalized stimuli as the subject did to the original stimulus. Another finding is that classical conditioning is something that could potentially have a long lasting effect on someone, especially if the subject formed a generalization to the original stimulus. The researchers felt that because of the lack of experimental evidence provided about the subject before this experiment prompted them to research it
Watson proposed that the process of classical conditioning (based on Pavlov’s observations) was able to explain all aspects of human psychology. The theory of classical conditioning involves learning a new behavior through a process of association. Meaning that two stimuli are linked together to create a newly learned response. There are three stages of classical conditioning, before conditioning, during conditioning and after conditioning (Mc Leod, 2014). Watson’s theory also involved the conditioning of emotions.
Link to reality: Both Skinner’s theory of operant conditioning and Pavlov’s theory of classical conditioning can be used every day in an ECCE setting. Today many school systems and childhood authorities follow Skinner’s and Pavlov’s theory by using the approach of positive reinforcement. This encourages good behaviour in the child making the behaviour more likely to be repeated again as they are rewarded and praised for their efforts in reading, writing and general learning. It is important that children’s efforts in a learning setting are rewarded as this will encourage the child to perform to the best of their ability.
This school of thought suggests that only observable behaviors should be studied, since internal states such as cognitions, emotions and moods are too subjective. There are two major types of conditioning: 1. Classical conditioning is a technique used in behavioral training in which a naturally occurring stimulus is paired with a response. Next, a previously neutral stimulus is paired with the naturally occurring stimulus.
INTRODUCTION Have you ever thought on how people explain about behaviour? How do we know when learning process has occurred? Learning is permanent change that happened in the way of your behaviour acts, arises from experience one’s had gone through. This kind of learning and experience are beneficial for us to adapt with new environment or surrounding (Surbhi, 2018). The most simple form of learning is conditioning which is divided into two categories which are operant conditioning and classical conditioning.
