Classical Societies

Humans are undoubtedly the smartest and most powerful species on Earth. Most of the credit for this goes to our disproportionately sized brains, but this knowledge didn’t come into being overnight. It took thousands of years and hundreds of generations of people and societies slowly adding to the bucket of knowledge, even if it was just drop by drop. Classical societies (societies existing between 500 and 1500 C.E.) can be thought of as the foundation for modern sciences, because of the advancement in thought that they used compared to civilizations before them. Most notable of these peoples were the Greeks (Athenians and Spartans), Rome, and the Islamic world.

Earliest of these civilizations were the Greeks. The Athenians were thoughtful

Along with progressive government systems, Athens would be home to some of the smartest men in their times. Aristotle, Pythagoras, and Archimedes managed to lay the groundwork for almost all of modern geometry, engineering, and morals (not in that order). Without these brilliant men would be hundreds of years behind mathematically, maybe not having the geometry to build some of the most well designed buildings in Europe hundreds of years later. Without Archimedes creating the water screw and ball lever millions of people would have starved to death because farmers wouldn’t have been able to water their crops to feed people. Sparta can be thought as the brawn to Athens brain. The Spartan people may not have had many thoughts, but when they did, it was how to kill people. Many of Sparta’s battle formations and tactics are still used to some degree in modern times. The Spartans tactic of stretching the army to surround the enemy is still used

This civilization of people is still around today inhabiting the middle east. Though since their inception the amount of innovations have since decreased, in the classical era they did have many brilliant inventions still used to this day. Most common of these inventions is nothing. Literally nothing, they invented the concept of nothing in the form of zero. Without zero the idea of rounding numbers would be a pain, zero is also helpful in the creation of the base ten system of counting used throughout the developed word. Zero allows scientific notation to exist because you're adding zeros to the front or back of the coefficient. Another breakthrough in mathematics was the creation of algebra. With algebraic people could now use variables to know exactly how much something will change if they change something else. Algebra would also work as a precursor to Isaac Newton’s invention of calculus and modern