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Clear Air Act Of 1970 Essay

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The Clear Air Act of 1970 gave the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) the ability to regulate motor vehicle pollution. As a result, the EPA has been implementing regulatory and control policies to reduce pollution ever since [4]. The car industry has been forced to respond to the regulations imposed by the EPA with different solutions to reduce emissions. In 1975, the first-generation catalytic converters were introduced as a response to the Clean Air Act of 1970. The catalytic converters decreased the emissions of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide of the vehicles made after 1975 and have since been improved to [5]. The major milestone in vehicle emission control technology came when electric vehicles, fuel cell, and hybrid vehicle emerged into the market in the late 1990’s and early 2000’s. One of the most effective ways the design engineers behind the early hybrid …show more content…

According to Boretti, the flywheel mechanical system is ideally more efficient than the electrical battery system because it involves a fewer number of energy conversions [6]. Boretti states that “transforming energy from one form to another inevitably introduces significant losses.” This can more easily be understood through relating energy to water and the transforming of energy to the transferring of water from one container to another. When one is transferring water from one sized pitcher to another, often, some of the water is lost during the process. Likewise, when energy is converted from one form of energy to another, energy is lost along the way. Therefore, the most efficient system for recovering kinetic energy is ideally the one that converts the form of energy the least amount of times. Figure 1 demonstrates the mechanism of how the electric motor switches to become a generator to store electric energy into the

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In the early days of flight, following the Wright brother’s historic flight on December 17,1903, and it finally being acknowledged by Scientific American in 1906. The idea of flying was considered a novelty and wasn’t taken seriously. Air shows began to travel the country, performing aerial stunts, giving people a chance to see airplanes in action. Then people began to realize the potential of the aircraft, with the first transcontinental flight being completed in 1911, by Calbraith P. Rogers. Following WWI, the U.S. Post Office established air mail routes along the East Coast.

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There has already been change in progress since 2010 with this. The Clean Air Act, EPA establishes national clean air standards that determine levels of allowable emissions (ozone, fine particles, etc.) in the air. From that, sources of these emissions (cars, trucks, tractors, power plants, other industry) are regulated by EPA. Each state or regional area with levels of emissions that exceed the standards must develop a plan to improve air quality and meet the clean air requirements established by EPA.

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In the article, “Air Pollution Is Still Killing People in the United States” written by Justin Worland, its focuses on the harmful effects of air pollution, specifically occurring within the United States. Although the United States have just the right amount against any harmful health effects, it still can be improved. It briefly mentions that air pollution is one of the leading causes of premature deaths within the United States, due to the higher concentrations of pollutants in the air. For the past couple of years, the air pollution levels have declined because of the Clean Air Act. The Clean Air Act is basically a United States federal law that is designed protect human health and the environment from the air pollution.

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The federal Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 (October 26) which was passed by 101st United States Congress, is an tabulation outline of a nationwide /national policy that gives in detailed or informative sources that can be used in a reduction level s of practices which will hinder along with prevent many hazardous substances or pollutants in a way which cannot hurt the environment within the core center of our environment by EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) to manage waste (Bishop, 2004). It is a known fact that this particular entity (documentation of information) mainly focus is for all sectors of society realm such as government, industry and the growing public in the world to voice their opinions due to the creation of this policy that deals and handle with the responsiveness of trepidations relating to the unstableness of pollution in the

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In 1955, the Air Pollution Control Act of 1955 was the first federal legislation that involved air pollution. In 1963, the Act provided funds for federal legislation regarding air pollution control. However, in 1967, the Air Quality Act was passed to create and expand federal government activities. It was able to expand air pollutant emission inventories, ambient monitoring techniques, and control techniques. Since the 1960s, The resistance that The Clean Air Act has encountered from factories that have tried to help keep the air clean by not polluting

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The first major law created was the National Environmental Policies Act in 1969. This law required federal agencies to look at, and report problems within the environment impacted by human development of land, and use of resources. The problems are than reported to the public allowing for informed decisions on what environmental consequences there might be for project development. Next, came the National Forest Management Act created in 1976 that developed the idea that forests would be managed based on the land use plans of the area of the forest while also developing forest diversity, and diversity of wildlife in them. In 1973 the Endangered Species Act was created.

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In 1908, the first car was released for public use known as the Model T. Over the next 60 years, pollution nationwide increased rapidly, but the cause was unknown. Research was eventually able to determine that car emissions was the main cause of the dramatic spike in the nations pollution index. Martin Melosi, author of Automobile in American Life and Society states, that “by 1966, motor vehicles contributed more than 60 percent of the pollutants in the atmosphere throughout the nation” (Melosi). It was then that engineers realized that a new type of system was required in order to decrease the pollution.

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Chapter 42 Environmental Regulation A. Introduction: - An environmental impact statement - The Clean Air Act - The Clean Water Act - The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act - The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)

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On September 18, 2015, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued notice of violation (NOV) of the Clean Air Act (CAA) to Volkswagen AG, Audi AG, and Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. The NOV alleges that four-cylinder Volkswagen and Audi diesel cars from model years 2009-2015 include software that circumvents EPA emissions standards for certain air pollutants. California is separately issuing an In-Use Compliance letter to Volkswagen, and EPA and the California Air Resources Board (CARB) have both initiated investigations based on Volkswagen’s alleged actions (Yosemite.epa.gov, ret. 10/13/15 @ 9:00am).

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Recently, air pollution has been changed since 1950s, Firstly in 1950s, air pollution was visible and mostly caused by factories. Now, air pollution has become invisible because of the cars and vehicle pollution. The main reason for this rising problem is because people are vehicle independent. In conclusion, governments should take actions to this urgent issue which risks to people 's health.

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“Air pollution is the biggest environmental health problem and is affecting everyone from developing and developed countries, rich and less rich,” said Maria Neira, Director of Public Health and the Environment for WHO. Air pollution has become a huge threat to everyone especially considering global warming. The most known form of air pollution is smog hanging over cities, but there are different kinds of pollution. Some forms of air pollution aren’t even visible, but all of it still contributes to global warming. Air pollution can mean any substance that sends things into the atmosphere and has damaging effects.

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Power plants releases smoke and ash during processing of burning of coal contributed significantly to the problem of air pollution in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In 1940 air pollution in the United States and the complaints of the public pressured the government to do something about the problem, the government regulators had to act. The smog that formed around Los Angeles and other big cities around began to report air quality degradation. California was the first state to pass air pollution regulations. In 1947 just shortly after California acted the government convened the first national air pollution symposium consisting of the environmental experts and the representatives of the government.

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The Clean Water Act of 1977 was an important and controversial environmental regulation the United States Congress had passed. As the modification to the Federal Pollution Control Act of 1972, the Clean Water Act of 1977 is the most important federal law that protects the sanitation of water, which includes lakes, rivers, and coastal areas. The Clean Water Act’s main goal is to restore and maintain pure water for the nation and to stop the releasing of harmful pollutants in water. It was also created to reach water quality levels that are safe for animals and human beings.

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Many laws, and restrictions have been passed over the last few decades, restricting manufactures to specific requirements for their emissions, vehicles in general, and even the gasoline that they run on, with requirements for detergents and such,. Unfortunately, it is claimed that these systems don’t have big enough impact on lowering the environmental problem, due to the amount of vehicles out there. Luckily, since electric vehicles are becoming more affordable, practical, and appealing, the amount of problems associated with the amount of claimed pollution will

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Good Afternoon Everyone “The best solution to pollution is dilution”. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s’ report of 2010 Transportation contributes 13% to the global greenhouse gas emissions. So, have you ever thought of diluting the emissions by switching to Hybrid Vehicles? You may be thinking that Hybrid Vehicles are modern inventions due to technological advancements but did you know that it existed prior to the invention of the conventional gasoline vehicles.

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