Cold War Sparknotes

At the time when the Cold War ends, hope rise again for a creating a utopia of peace. However, the rise of global terrorism brought people back to reality. Over the past decades terrorism have created chaos, numerous casualties and tragedies. Therefore, terrorism problem has been a major factor in international security issues. Studies about terrorism help us to understand the origin, goals, motivations and behaviors of terrorism organizations. However, comparing to other kinds of violence such as piracy and war crimes, history of terrorism is relatively short thus people's perception of terrorism still remains unclear. This author, Bard E. O’Neill, is a former Air Force officer and now an expert in Middle East issues, insurgency issues and

He begins with the international system.After WWII, there was an asymmetrical and bipolar international system divided by west and eastern blocs and lead by US and USSR, this situation gave rise to a global struggle for power and influence in many sensitive regions like Europe and Middle East, where USSR export communism and provide aid the red insurgencies (revolutionary mission of upsetting the existing order and structure of power) and the West try to support the present government (trying to maintain statues quo). On the other hand, when looking at the domestic context, there are two fundamental challenge third world country face. The first challenge is the lack of national integration, which rooted in social divisions such as racial, ethnic, linguistic or religious aspects.

The second challenge is the economic underdevelopment, such as lack of human ,capital,natural resources ,corruption, incapable government, low standard of living condition. These two factors are interacting, domestic context create the spark of insurgency and the involvement of major powers and their ability to produce and transport weapon acts like Oxygen, which helps the spark to turn into fire and burn all over the world and become international.

2. The nature of

In the book the author considered terrorism as a method or mean of insurgency, but in my perspective, despite the deep logical and history relation between insurgency and terrorism, there still remain differences between terrorism and insurgency. Consider about the target of these two types of movements, I believe that insurgency group do not have the motivation of choosing innocent civilians as their primary targets, although there are always civilian casualties, but it is considered more of a collateral damage. On the other hand, terrorist groups choose their primary targets as civilians, this seldom happen before during the history of insurgency. Although it can still be considered a newly developed method of insurgency, but I still believe that these two movements should be treated