CHOICES “White collar crime” refers to those offenses that are anticipated to generate fiscal gain using some form of dishonesty. This type of crime is usually committed by people in the commercial world who, as a result of their employment position, are able to get a hold of large amounts of other people’s money. “White collar crime” does not involve forceful, drug-related, or blatantly illicit activities. In fact, perpetrators are typically involved in otherwise lawful industries and may hold respectable positions in the community prior to the discovery of their fraudulent schemes. The slogan “white collar crime” was made up in 1939 by Edwin Sutherland during a dialog which he gave to the American Sociological Society.
Crime Over the hills and through the woods, you find grandma's house in the small town of Oxfordshire, England. Nestled in a valley is the town with all its unique history and people. The town's founders were said to have been witches. Good witches to be specific. They came here to be away from the rest of the world.
One of the biggest challenges in estimating the cost of crimes is that so many crimes go unreported. Many times, a victim of rape will not report the crime. They feel ashamed or even scared of the perpetrator. It is unknown how much is spent on doctors and psychologist when an event like this takes place. Another crime that goes unreported is fraud.
According to Karmen (2016) victim-defending is “a perspective that denies that an injured party should be held partly responsible for what happened; the belief that the blame falls solely on the offender, or the social system, or both” (p. 501). Thus, challenges whether it is just to hold the victim liable for his or her own injuries or losses. An example of a white collar crime is identity theft and a property crime is cell phone. Thieves can use a range of methods to get information for fraud. One example is income tax return.
We all know that crime in America has been around for a very long time. Its gets worse and worse every day. Crime has a tremendous effect on society and the people within it as a whole. Crime started as early as the 1900s. the Ku Klux Klan open a series of lynching to keep emotional and physical control over the newly unrestrained black population.
The United States saw its largest amount of crime committed in the 1900s. For the first time in history, crimes began to be recorded in 1960. About 15 million crimes were committed in 1991, since then crime has gradually decreased, but still remains a large problem within the United States (U.S. Crime). Studies have shown that males in their 20’s are the largest culprits committing crime, however crimes are committed by all demographics.
It can be very difficult to define crime in the American society when political agendas are being pushed and the public perception of not only what actions are considered to be crimes but also how
3.1 WHITE COLLAR CRIME Usually, most of the crime is committed by the persons from the lower class and we rarely heard as well as bother about the crime committed by person from the upper class as they always success in covering their crime using their power, money and connection. The crime which is committed by the person from the upper class is known as the white collar crime, or it is also known as the corporate crime. The reason it call as the white collar crime is because it is a crime which is committed by the high social status person and being respected in the course of their occupation. So, business managers, director or executive is the person whom we will refer in the white collar crime.
This research essay will cover the differences between occupational and organized crimes. Occupational crime is a crime that occurs within workplaces an organizations (Vadera,2013). However, organized crime is crimes created by a group of people outside of an organization that takes money from a major organization, company, or government agency(Giovino,2014). Organized crime has a much larger scope than occupational crime, and organized crime affects the world in a negative way (Knowles, 2010). Both of these crimes have different goals.
Street gangs are social and criminal problems that affect the society. Street gangs are majorly composed of juvenile delinquents and youths in the community. Gang violence is thus an economic and social issue that affects the general public and business community. Street gangs are violent and are majorly found in big cities. They involve themselves in criminal activities such as vandalism, binge drinking, looting, homicide, theft, drugs and alcoholism, weapon trafficking, and kidnapping.
Crimes are classified differently by the law and by sociologist. “Sociologist classify crimes in terms of how they are committed and how society views the offenses” (Schaefer 163). While the law classifies crime in terms of what court holds jurisdiction, the age of the offender, the severity of the offense and the potential punishment. Sociologist classify crimes into 6 categories: victimless crimes, organized crime, white-collar and technology based crime, professional crime, hate crime, and transnational crime. One of the most controversial subject in this nation, is victimless crimes.
(McLaughlin,Muncie and Hughes 2003:144) writes "a Labourer is 14 times more likely to go to prison than a professional" this emphasizes my point showing how corporate criminals challenge the ideas of conventional criminals as they tend to be well-educated and are not perceived as potential criminals in society. Understanding a conventional crime and the criminal who has committed it, is straightforward however the same can not be said for corporate crimes. Corporate criminals are usually individuals of upper socio-economic class who are well educated and violate the criminal law by breaching the trust placed upon them during their business activities (Whyte,2009:187). The corporate criminal challenges the conventional definitions of a criminal who is perceived to be “ignorant and stupid” and are instead “deceptive and suave”(Whyte,2009:187). An example of this is Jordan Belfont a smart, suave business-man who managed to makes millions with his illegitimate business activities, such criminals are portrayed as intelligent and cunning who do not present a direct threat to the public.
The Multifaceted Nature of White Collar Crimes (INSERT AUTHOR HERE) (INSERT DATE HERE) (INSERT INSTITUTION HERE) 1 Since the term “white collar crime” was introduced to American society by Edwin H. Sutherland in 1939, criminologists have worked to build upon the original definition in hopes of producing terminology better suited to the multifaceted nature associated with the original subject. As noted by Gottschalk and Rundmo (2014), Sutherland’s original definition of white-collar crime was “a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation” (Gottschalk & Rundmo, 2014, p. 175). While Sutherland is highly regarded as “the founding father of the criminology of white collar
Sociology of Law and Order Introduction The act of examining why people commit crime is very vital because it assists in knowing how crime is handled. Because of this, many theories have come up that try to explain why crime occurs and the possible remedies to the causes. When crime is committed, every society would have its own way of framing laws that can be used to punish lawbreakers. Thus, the kind of punishment given to a criminal depends on the society one is living in.
If you look at the penalties for burglary, robbery and larceny and how likely they are to be prosecuted compared to white collar crimes such as sharing copyrighted music or purchasing medication from Mexico and bringing it across the border, you can see the conflict (Baker, 1). The poor are going to prison and the wealthy may not even be prosecuted for their crimes (Siegel, 13). The conflict view points out the political undertones that can be seen in how laws are written and how they are enforced. Professor Edwin Sutherland wrote a book titled “White Collar crime” in which he talks about the injustices seen related to the social position to those who have committed the crime (Baker, 2). Many of those jailed live in poverty (Baker, 3).
