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Comparing The Great Alaskan Earthquake And Tsunami Of 1964

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Ainsley Hays The great Alaskan earthquake and tsunami of 1964 An earthquake with a magnitude of 9.2, followed by a tsunami ripped through the state of Alaska on March 27, 1964. Not only did it kill 115 people in Alaska, but it also killed 16 people in Oregon and California, over 3,179.8 miles away. The next day there were over 11 aftershock tornadoes with magnitudes greater than 6.0. The Alaskan earthquake and tsunami included many details common to earthquakes and tsunamis, and caused damage and destruction to property and lives that affected the region, but the area has recovered in its aftermath. Earthquakes happen every day, but tsunami earthquakes are pretty rare. Usually the earthquake needs to reach a 7.5 magnitude to cause a tsunami.
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The last Cascadia earthquake in the 1700s gave the people of that time five minutes to prepare before it happened. If this coming earthquake is similar then the citizens of the Pacific Northwest will not have a long warning before it hits. Cities will be underwater across the coast and the people caught in the chaos can only hope and pray that they will make it out alive. Across Oregon alone it is estimated to be over a million buildings in ruins. FEMA estimates that search-and-rescue teams will be sent out across a hundred thousand square miles of land and across four hundred and fifty-three miles off the coastline.

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At around 8:14 a Major aftershock hit making even more damaged building collapse. The earthquake and fires in San Francisco were recorded to be the worst natural disaster in U.S. history. At the time San francisco was considered the ninth largest U.S city with a population of 400,000 after this

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In addition, tsunamis have specific locations that they can take place in. For example, as the text states, “Tsunamis are most likely to occur on lands surrounding the Pacific Ocean” (Sanborn 62).This evidence shows that tsunamis usually start on the lands near the Pacific Ocean, this area is called the “Ring of Fire”. The “Ring of Fire” includes the western coastline of North and South America, the Aleutian Chain, and the eastern coastline of Asia to Japan. Tsunamis are most likely to occur in these locations because of the amount of movement in the tectonic plates in that area. To sum it up, tsunamis are massive series of waves that can be caused by earthquakes near or at the bottom of the Pacific

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The massive amount of energy that was created from the force of the earthquake even caused the earth axis to tilt slightly. The quakes destructive power caused 525 people to lose their live with more than 2 million people being affected by the earthquake, due to the falling infrastructure, opening of roads or crumbling of landscapes that the shaking from the earthquake caused. A few hours later, a tsunami that ranged from 3 to 15 meters high. The tsunami picked up from where the shock waves left off damaging whole cities in its wake. the earthquake had a frequency of 1 (the lower the frequency the more intense the earthquake is) and would be described as a great earthquake on the Richter scale (made by Charles F. Richter in 1935, the Richter scale is used to measure the amount of energy is released in an earthquake).

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Then tsunamis are close to shore and caused by lots of natural disasters. Usually tsunamis are near the middle of the ocean but do go toward shore. Usually tsunamis are near the ring of fire. In the article it states that tsunamis are most likely to occur on lands surrounding the Pacific Ocean. This is the western coastline of North and South America, the Aleutian chain and the eastern coastline of Asia to Japan, this region is called the “Ring of Fire”( Simmons 62 ).

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Kathryn Shulz explores how the earthquake will affect the Pacific Northwest, as well as the reasons behind why people choose to live in these areas despite the threats in her online article The Really Big One (2015). When the Cascadia subduction zone ruptures, causing the biggest earthquake the Pacific Northwest will ever encounter, many natural disasters will be born. After the first earthquake hits, tsunamis will follow about fifteen minutes

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Which 40% of the houses, farms, livestock are destroyed during Valdivia earthquakes, also they are 1,655 people dead, 3,000 injured, 2,000,000 homeless and $550 million damage. So for the Alaska earthquake, are also known as the Great Alaskan Earthquake, the Portage Earthquake and the Good Friday Earthquake. This earthquakes is a largest earthquake that happened in North America and the second most powerful earthquake recorded in history. Which the earthquakes event are killed 131 people, and 119 people are die because of tsunami while this damage are cost $311 million in 1964

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To better prepare for earthquake hazards, scientists researched predicting earthquakes during the 1960s and 1970s. If timing and location were known, then a warning could be issued to evacuate the affected area. Predictors included changes in background radon gas emissions and animal behavior (Kerr, 2011). Those efforts showed inconclusive results and scientists turned to forecasting through probability statistics based on the Parkfield earthquake in 2004 (Kerr, 2011). For seismic events, forecasting assumes two things: 1) that stress and strain on a fault are constant; 2) what has occurred in the past will happen again.

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the tsunami had affected 14 countries. The countries the tsunamis had reached were India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Maldives, Myanmar, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Bangladesh, South Africa, Madagascar, Kenya, Tanzania and the Seychelles. It also affected up to five million people Causes Beneath our feet the earth is divided into 7 pieces of the earth’s crust and the uppermost mantle, these are called Tectonic plates. Before the earthquake had occurred the Indo-Australian Plate was subducting below the Eurasian Plate causing more and more pressure to build up. Due to the magnitude of the earthquake it had triggered smaller earthquakes in countries as far as Alaska, and causing the Indo-Australian Plate to spring back into place causing the seafloor to uplift, displacing the seawater above, creating the monster tsunami.

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Rogue waves and tsunamis have a destructive power you won't believe. But in some ways there devastating power can differ greatly. But still rogue waves and tsunamis have there similars and differences. Rogue waves and tsunamis can be different but can also be identical.

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These were mainly of two kinds: the tsunami of open-ocean sea wave, generated by large-scale motion of the sea floor; and the local wave, generated by underwater landslides in bays of fiords. The 1964 Alaska tsunami was the second largest ever recorded, again following only the one caused by the 1960 Chile earthquake (4 meters at Sitka). Of the 119 deaths attributable to the effects of the ocean, about one-third were due to the open-ocean tsunami: 4 at Newport Beach, Oregon; 12 at Crescent City, California; and about 21 in Alaska. Local waves claimed at least 82 lives.

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A tsunami is also another natural disaster that can cause a lot of damage. It can be caused by an earthquake, landslide or a volcano. Tsunamis are mainly found in subduction zones. In a subduction zone the two plates meet and build pressure eventually the oceanic plate which is the heavier plate slides under the continental plate causing an earthquake. The earthquake shifts part of the ocean floor creating waves, however, gravity evens it out.

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Unfortunately, a warning wasn't issued fast enough to warn American Samoa or Samoa about the incoming tsunami [14]. Tsunamis in the Pacific can move up to speeds of 805km per hour. The minutes between the earthquake and the tsunami didn't allow enough time to issue a warning or for emergency services to take action. It was recorded that there was more than one wave [19]. This means that after the first initial wave, several others followed though that were smaller and didn't cause as much

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The Tohoku Earthquake was the most powerful earthquake recorded to have hit Japan. The earthquake was a magnitude 9.0 off the coasts of Japan that occurred at 2:46pm on Friday 11 March 2011, which triggered a powerful tsunami that reached the height up to 10.4 meters. A Japanese National Police Agency reported 15,889 deaths, 6,152 injured, and 2,601 people missing, 127,290 buildings totally collapse, 272,788 buildings half collapse, and another 747,989 buildings partially damaged. The Tohoku earthquake and tsunami caused severe structural damage in northeastern Japan, including heavy damage to roads, railways and dams, not to mention fires in many areas. It was the toughest and the most difficult crisis in Japan after the World War 2 leaving

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