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Comparison Of Edwin Sutherland's Differential Association And Social Disorganization

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Edwin Sutherland's Differential Association and Social Disorganization The original idea was to give a name to crimes or conspiracies committed by members of wealthy classes who use their influence in commerce and industry for personal gain without being held responsible to the law. Sutherland observed that often times, such cases were held under civil courts because the subjects were the properties lost and not the act itself. Offended parties were only concerned of their lost properties rather than filing a formal case to penalize the offenders. Hence, during these times, the law was rather passive to such contempt (Siegel, 2009). The centers of jurisdiction were the properties lost and neither the offenders nor the act. Seldom were the offenders convicted for this type of crime compared to convicted offenders of lower class crimes such as violent crimes. Sutherland stated that white collar crimes occurs in the business and industry world (manipulation of stock exchange, bribery of and to public officials to achieve favorable contracts, embezzlement) and in other professions such as abortion as administered by a licensed …show more content…

Learning crimes can be as direct as having mentors and learning through experience. Hence, the mass media can also create a pro crime environment by showing alike situations in programs that are available to children and even older counterparts. Other methods of learning can be made by taking drugs or alcohol so as to facilitate their criminal acts. Cultural differences in legal code can also influence pursuance of a crime. A perception that such act is not punishable by law in other cultures justifies intentions of committing the same on the other side of the globe where it is unacceptable. Likewise, exposure to justification of the criminal behavior such as the belief of "End justifies the means" can also provide impetus for rule breaking (Vito et al.,

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Edwin Sutherland's Address To The American Criminological Association

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The idea of white collar crime was initially presented in the sociologies by Edwin Sutherland in a 1939 presidential address to the American Sociological Association. Characterizing white collar crime as "a crime carried out by a man of respectability and high societal position over the span of his occupation" (Sutherland, 1940), his location was imperative in that it was the first real articulation on white collar crime in scholarly criminology. Volk (1977) portrays Sutherland's spearheading exertion as "the indication of a Copernican unrest in Anglo-Saxon criminology" (p. 13), a radical reorientation in hypothetical perspectives of the way of guiltiness. Mannheim (1965) insinuated that if there was a Nobel Prize in criminology study, Sutherland would get one for his exertion.

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30). Rosecrance believes that Sutherlands model can still be used in the modern era to help determine whether or not someone fits the criteria to be considered a professional criminal. As result Rosecrance uses Edward Sutherland’s model of the five characteristics of professional crime to demonstrate the behaviors of stoopers as criminal actions. Throughout the article Rosecrance follows the five characteristics of a professional criminal outlined by Sutherland’s model. He applies Sutherland’s theory to “describe the activities of professional stoopers and demonstrate how their behavior closely parallels the original Sutherland model of professional crime” (Rosecrance, 1986, p. 30).

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What Is The Cultural Deviance Theory Of Middle-Class Crime

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This theory suggests that certain subcultures may promote and legitimize criminal behavior as a means of achieving success or respect within the group. In the context of middle-class crime, the theory might suggest that some individuals from middle-class backgrounds may be influenced by a subculture that values material success and status above all else and views engaging in white-collar crime as a means of achieving these goals. These individuals may view illegal activities such as fraud, embezzlement, or insider trading as a way to gain financial success or maintain their social status.

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There are many different definitions of crime, the legalistic definition states that a crime is any act committed by a human which intends to disobey the criminal law. According to social learning theories criminal behavior is learned through interactions with others. Human beings can learn more than just criminal behaviors, individuals also learn motivations, directions, drives, attitudes and modifications through these interactions. These things are learned through the same mechanisms used to learn everything else. Sutherland states that humans learn most through interactions with the individuals they feel closest with; this includes those they interact with the most, for the longest period of time, with the strongest message and the most

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Much like a child who is taught a female’s place is in the home, and a male’s place is to provide, their moral compass will point towards continuing this established norm in their own future. Unfortunately, the same holds true for children who observe violent criminal behavior firsthand. The solution for correcting this behavior is much like the same way the behavior has manifested to begin with: by intervening with teaching. It is generally understood, under the theory of differential association, that the timing, length, frequency and nature of the contact are important determinants of behaviour. That is, the greatest effect on a person’s behaviour occurs the earlier the association is made, the longer the duration of the association, the more frequently the association occurs, and the closer the association is (Akers and Sellers,

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