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Concept Behind Victim Facilitation

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Victim facilitation is the concept of not blaming the victim but to blame the interaction that the victim succumbed to in order to make them capable of becoming a victim. It studies the actions that make a victim vulnerable to becoming a victim of a crime. Victim facilitation is reserved for situations in which victims carelessly and thoughtlessness make it easier for certain crimes to be committed against them (Karmen, 2016). It holds the victim accountable for a percentage of blame for the crime. When given the right ingredients and conditions, it speeds up the behavior process (Karmen, 2016). While victim facilitation relates to victim blaming the concept behind victim facilitation is to study the elements that make a victim more vulnerable …show more content…

The first component consists of if the victim was the alpha in the crime. The second component is whether the victim encourages or provokes the offender to commit the crime against them. Victim precipitation is an evident component in several different other types of crimes. These crimes can consist of homicide, assault, rape, and robbery. Under this perception, the victim is viewed as an active participant in the crime. Victim precipitation relates to how and why crime has been committed. The victim precipitation theory focuses on the idea that passive precipitation of violence is a result of a power struggle. Victim facilitation and victim provocation both focus on the acts and intentions of the offender as a whole. It seeks to understand the interaction between the victim and the offender. This sort of passive precipitation may also be present when the victim is not even aware of the existence of the attacker. It is used in a way as to not blame the victim but to blame the interaction that the victim made them susceptible to becoming a victim of crime. Victim provocation believes that victims triggers criminals act by their provocative behavior. Active precipitation involves fighting words or

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An example of this would be potentiators, also known as negative affective states (ex. depression) (Terry, 2013, p. 87). Triggering factors can be disinhibitors as well (ex. alcohol). Disinhibitors allow offenders to justify their deviant behavior as it being caused by an altered state of mind. In Sexual Offenses and Offenders by Karen Terry, some offenders share their personal story and say that their triggering factors which primarily act as disinhibitors (the most common one being alcohol), are used as an escape from their reality such as depression. This shows how there are many circumstances and aspects involved for sexual offenders to act the way that they do, since it explores numerous factors that influence their behavior and

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Modeling theory was developed by Albert Bandura and is used by criminologist when violent acts occur to sometimes explain the reason behind those acts. Bandura felt like that people learned their behavior from other people, especially the aggressive behavior. In addition he felt that people were not born with these aggressive behaviors they had to be learned from others. It was felt that form, the situation displayed, and targets are determined by the social learning factors (Schmalleger, 2012, p. 134).

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There are three types of facilitators. Physical Facilitators are things that augment offender’s capabilities or help to overcome prevention measures. Trucks extend offender’s capacity to move stolen goods, telephones allow people to make obscene phone calls, and firearms help overcome resistance to robberies. Some physical facilitators are tools, but others are part of the physical environment.

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Emotional trauma the victim has experienced or is still experiencing after the crime, mental Trauma such as PTS disorder or depression. Financial problems the victim has suffered from the crime, paying for hospital bills or retrieval of stolen items if crime involved theft. And finally socially, how has the crime impacted the victims social life, are they afraid to go out? Normal activities are now a struggle, life has been completely altered. Victim impact statements can assist the court proceedings with how the crime impacted on the victim, the personal circumstances of the victim and any injury or loss as a result of the crime committed against the victim (victimsofcrime.gov.au, 2015).

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It is prevalent for victims of rape to be told they are reliable for the situation. Those who misconcep this topic are ignorant to the factual data. The reason a criminal had convicted this type of crime has no relation to actions of the victim. Victim blaming influences the attitude of society which alters how rape victims are perceived and contributes as false support for the criminal. A simple example of victim blaming comes from the article The Offenders, “She must have provoked him into being abusive.

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The vicious intentions/actions of the violator represent the social norm of their society, which

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That is “it fails to achieve the objective it promises, and in the process contributes to the state of disarray” (Wills, 7). Wills explains that the issue with in the prison system with redemptive violence is that it eliminates responses which are non-violent, and may even be the more optimal solutions. The main issue Wills sees with the consequences of redemptive violence is that “redemptive violence provides perpetrators with a perfect excuse to avoid the road of inner examination and acceptance of responsibility” (Wills, 10). In turn, those perpetrators will insist any accountability outside of themselves which leads to more unwanted actions and behaviors. Wills presents a similar argument to Gilgun in how redemptive violence is not a save all concept, and it comes with an array of

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In the context of sexual assault, this theory suggests that individuals who have been exposed to violent or aggressive behavior may be more likely to engage in similar behaviors themselves. This theory also suggests that individuals who have been

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B Impact on Victims 1 Current Involvement and Impacts Not only do family members have the opportunity of joining a youth restorative justice conference, but the victims of the offences also have the opportunity and are required to take part in the conferencing process. The YJA mentions the requirements and options victims have when it comes to participating in a youth restorative justice conference. Victims are entitled to attend a conference and they can bring either a legal representative, a member of their family or another adult for support. For the victims to understand completely their ability to participate in a conference and how conferencing works, the convenor of the restorative justice conference will contact the victim and provide

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Conscious or deliberate acts committed by an offender are known as active signature behavior. The offender is in control and wants to leave a psychological impression, they send a message that is clear, wanting that message to be recognized and understood. (Turvey 2012) An example of active signature behavior is notes left at the scene or a specific or repeated victim type. Unintentionally leaving a particular psychological impression is known as passive signature behavior.

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The six categories include the completely innocent victim, the victim with minor guilt, the victim who is as guilty as the offender, the victim who is guiltier than the offender, the guiltiest victim, and the imaginary victim (Wallace & Roberson, 2011). Only one typology from Mendelsohn’s theory considers a victim one hundred percent innocent, the completely innocent victim, which tends to consist of children and those who are unconscious at the time of the crime (Wallace & Roberson, 2011). The other five typologies assigned some kind of responsibility to the victim for contributing to their own injury (Dietrich, 2008). For example, a victim would be classified as guilty if he or she acts aggressively causing further victimization, or if the victim aided in or assisted the crime in any way the individual would be considered guilty according to

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