ipl-logo

Criminology Theory: Causation, Correction And Prevention Of Crime

1800 Words8 Pages
bulb-icon

Recommended: Sociological perspective on criminality

Introduction to Criminology Theory
Criminology is fundamentally the systemic studies of crime as a social event (Glick, 2005). By explaining why crime can be a social event, it can be viewed in a series of processes. The processes are how laws are making, how laws are breaking and what the reacting towards the breaking of laws. Nirmala indicated that criminology is the study to explore the causation, correction and prevention of crime (2009). It is an interdisciplinary scientific studies on various perspective of crime and criminal behavior (Walsh & Hemmens, 2008). In many countries, people have a tendency to commit crime for pursuing what they need because they think the society cannot satisfy them. This phenomenon lead the government …show more content…

It uses scientific method to explore the criminal behaviours with objective, universal, and culture-free (Siegel, 2010). Positivist tended to study the criminal rather than crime. Punishment was devised to fit the criminal but not the crime (Jeffery, 1959). Positivists advocated that behavior is determined by factors beyond the control of the individual (Whitehead & Lab, 2013). They thought deviant behavior may have multiple causations. This position was known as determinism (Walsh & Hemmens, 2008). There were three major positivists as Cesare Lombroso (1835-1909), Enrico Ferri (1856-1929) and Garofalo (1852-1934). They reflect the variety of positivist views in their diversified emphases on internal or external occasions of criminal …show more content…

Some people believe that humans are born innately good with a clean sheet. It can believe that humans commit crimes by reason of biological, psychological and sociological problems (Young et al., 1981; Paynich & Hill, 2009). It can also believe that people will change through the environment to become a criminal over time. This deterministic approach uses the methods of empirical research in Positivist School.

In biological Positivism, the perspective is based the primarily work of Lombroso, Ferri and Garofalo (Burke, 2009). It argued that criminology should concentrate mainly on the scientific study that explore criminals and criminal behaviour. Although it might seem somewhat simplistic and even laughable with the criterion of today, this aspect however established a lasting scientific tradition. It has been grown sophisticatedly over the years. In that time, the writing is relishing something of an explanatory

Show More
Related

Aaron Hernandez: Documentary Analysis

961 Words | 4 Pages

While a few theories are not as regular, others have developed and are utilized as a part of numerous criminal reviews today. Cutting edge criminologists consolidate the most important aspects of sociology, psychology, anthropology, and biological theories to advance their comprehension of criminal behavior. Rational choice theory, psychological, biological, and strain theory are used to analyze the

Read More

Research Paper On Aaron Hernandez

938 Words | 4 Pages

While some theories are not as common, others have evolved and are used in many criminal studies today. Cutting edge criminologists consolidate the most important aspects of sociology, psychology, anthropology, and biological theories to advance their comprehension of criminal behavior. Rational choice theory, psychological, biological, and strain theory are used to analyze the facts of Hernandez’s crime. Biological Theory is

Read More

The Pros And Cons Of Integrated Criminology

810 Words | 4 Pages

Integrated theory does not necessarily attempt to explain all criminality but is distinguishable by the idea of merging concepts drawn from different sources. Integrated criminology tries to bring together the diverse bodies of knowledge that represents the full range of disciplines that study crime (Schmalleger, 2012). Integrated theories provide wider explanatory power (Schmalleger, 2012). Integrative theories are like diversified theories and focus on criminal behavior and criminal activity while other theories focus on punishment and crime control (Jeffery, 1959). Integrated approach combines concepts and propositions from two or more prior existing theories into a single new set of integrated concepts and propositions (Elliot, 2017).

Read More

James Bulger Theory

1004 Words | 5 Pages

This essay will critically analyse the killing of James Bulger from three different perspectives. It will also explain how a supposed moral society experiences such gruesome killings and worst of all it is carried out by children. Analyses of parental roles in the upbringing of the children will be discussed and what the society can do to prevent further occurrences. James Bulger was born on the 16th of March 1990.He was from Kirkby, England. He was abducted, tortured beyond comprehension and murdered by two-ten-year old boys namely Robert Thompson and Jon Venables.

Read More

Theories Of Differential Association Theory

1031 Words | 5 Pages

In criminology, differential association is a theory developed by Edwin Sutherland proposing that through interaction with others, individuals learn the values, attitudes, techniques, and motives for criminal behavior. The differential association theory is the most talked about of the learning theories of deviance. (DAT). (Sutherland) (Sociological Theories of Crime and Their Explanation on Crime , 2007) Theories of criminality are most commonly derived from human behavior.

Read More

Positivism In My Lobotomy

1277 Words | 6 Pages

Most was derived from the assumption that behaviors such as; criminal and otherwise, are inherited. Which means that criminals are biologically different than non-criminals. One of the earliest explanations was known as Phrenology which was in the mid-1700’s to mid-1800’s, which viewed the shape and size of the brain and skull as determinants of criminal tendencies. The next early positivist explanation for deviance was in 1876, Cesare Lombroso’s theory of “Atavism” and “The Born Criminal” This was the 1st Major Application of this new science to the study of criminals and deviance.

Read More

Rational Choice Theory: Why Do People Commit Crimes

912 Words | 4 Pages

There are numerous theories that have evolved over time to explain why crimes are committed. These theories include anomie, strained, social control, and rational choice theory. In this research paper I will be focusing on rational choice theory. Majority of these theories focus on a macro-level, which is the largest, meanwhile some focus on a micro-level, the smaller level, depending on the circumstances. The purpose of this paper is to synthesize how rational choice theory is integrate with different crimes.

Read More

Essay On Critical Criminology

1163 Words | 5 Pages

Assignment Nine Critical criminology is the idea that the media and the criminal justice system are the things that shape the publics view on crime. These sources influence our ideas of who commits crime and who is victimized by crime. These sources use their influence of crime to continue to control how the public sees crime and uses that to further their own agenda. Whereas, left realism is the idea that the depicted visions of crime are somewhat true. Some people are more likely to be victimized, however the media and criminal justice systems over exaggerate these crimes in order to instill higher levels of fear.

Read More

Interactionism And Radical Criminology

1550 Words | 7 Pages

It has been observed that there are numerous researches conducted on youth crime particularly in the United Kingdom which gave the emphasis on young individuals as offenders instead of victims of crime. Moreover, radical criminology significantly contributed to understand the youth crime through different theories. According to Yar (2012), radical criminology is known as the conflict philosophy. It centres its perceptions on crime and on regulation in the faith that capitalist civilisations precipitate as well as describe crime as the possessors by sense of production utilise their influence to endorse commandments that would regulate the working class and suppress intimidations to the supremacy of the governing class. Radical criminology draws together the studies of interactionism, labelling, Marxism, critical criminology and gender which provide the understanding of youth crime from different perspective as discussed in the paper.

Read More

Criminal Behavior Essay

547 Words | 3 Pages

Criminal behaviour has always been an interest for psychologists, for they could never quite come to a conclusion between nature and nurture. Research concerning this topic has been organized for many years and due to the never ending debate, is still being conducted. I have decided to read and write about this myself, for I was genuinely curious about the matter and wanted to be a part of the research, as I felt responsible to do so. I believe that in order to stop something, it must be discussed and scrutinized. What effects do genes have on criminal behaviour, why do peer pressure and habitat influence a person to commit crimes and are men really more violent than women?

Read More

Social Process Theory Of Crime

869 Words | 4 Pages

Social process theory depends on the interaction between individuals and society as an explanation and is also known as interactionist perspective. This theory assumes that everyone has the potential to violate the law and that criminality is not an innate human characteristic but is instead a belief that criminal behavior is learned by interaction with others (Schmalleger, 2012). Social process feels the socialization process that occurs because of group membership is the main way through which learning occurs (Schmalleger, 2012). Social process theory views criminality as people’s interactions with various organizations, institutions, and processes in society (Siegel, 2000). This theory feels that people from all areas have the potential

Read More

Psychology Of Criminology

1297 Words | 6 Pages

Furthermore, the psychology of criminal behavior, psychology, and criminology all have a primary objective of achieving an understanding of the variation in the criminal behavior of individuals (Andrews and Bonta , 2010). Empirically, the study of variation in criminal behavior is done by the studying of covariates (Andrews and Bonta , 2010). The primary covariates that PCC studies are biological, social, and psychological (Andrews and Bonta , 2010). Although, criminology tends to assess criminality at an aggregate level, in comparison to the psychology of criminal conduct’s focus on an individual level. Additionally, a psychology of criminal conduct involves applying what is learned by the studying of psychological information and methods to the predicting and influencing the propensity of criminal behavior on an individual

Read More

Criminal Justice Vs Criminology

755 Words | 4 Pages

These individuals are likely to believe that the better way to reduce crime is to give criminals a harsh punishment. A positivist theory tries to explain that several biological and social factors may lead to criminal behavior. For example, there might be a lack of poverty and education in some places in which could result in a cause of higher crime rates but can be reduced if employment and educational opportunities are being suggested. Last theory is Individual trait, in which suggests that the most distinguishable differences between noncriminal and criminals are physiological and biological. Therefore a suggestion for this would be to limit the interaction between the ones who have the same

Read More

Crime As A Social Problem Essay

1877 Words | 8 Pages

This essay will discuss crime as both a social problem and a sociological problem. Crime is seen as a typical function of society. Crime doesn’t happen without society. It is created and determined by the surrounding society. According to the CSO, the number of dangerous and negligent acts committed between the years of 2008 and 2012 rose from 238’000 in 2008 to 257’000 in 2012.

Read More

South African Criminal Justice System

1483 Words | 6 Pages

The criminal justice system is that subsystem of the national legal system which determines the circumstances in which and the procedure according to which individuals may be punished by the state for conduct that is defined as a crime. For the sake of convenience, a distinction is normally drawn between the substantive aspects of the criminal justice system and its procedural aspects. The study of criminal law generally focuses on substantive law; namely, the principles of law according to which criminal liability (guilt) is determined, whilst the law of criminal procedure, together with the law of evidence, focuses on the manner in which this is done, together with the way in which offenders and suspected offenders are to be treated by the

Read More

More about Criminology Theory: Causation, Correction And Prevention Of Crime

Related Topics

Open Document