1. How does DNA encode information? DNA is a double-stranded helix composed of a phosphate backbone and deoxyribose, and encodes information by the sequence of its nucleotide bases, which are composed of adenine, thiamine, guanine and cytosine. DNA undergoes transcription, which produces single-stranded mRNA, which uses uracil in place of thiamine. Next step is translation, in which the RNA becomes a protein, which then can act as structural units or enzymes.
In this course, we have studied the many characteristics of DNA which include that it is double helix that contains genetic material and it is kept stable by hydrogen bonds. DNA is made up of smaller units called nucleotides. In turn, each nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a sugar and a nitrogenous base. DNA also include base pairing which is the 'copying' mechanism for DNA. In DNA, bases are the adenine base, which only pairs with a thymine
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule found in all forms of life that is passed down from parents to offspring. What makes each DNA unique is the chemical makeup of the molecule sometimes referred to as the “blueprint of life.” (BIO). DNA is made up of nucleotides consisting of a sugar, a phosphate and a base pair. About six million nucleotide base pairs make up DNA in each cell.
DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information. RNA is ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins, although in some viruses RNA rather than DNA carries the genetic information. DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA contains the sugar ribose.
The dna sequence that contains a lot of base
5- It is important for scientists to be able to remove DNA from an organism because it gives scientist the advantage of researching and taking medical tests to learn more about mutations (just like cancer) and try to cure them. Also, it is important because, with the ability to extract DNA, scientists can identify or notice genetic disorders or other diseases by studying the
Nowadays, our modern life is becoming more comfortable and safe because of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). DNA is a genetic code that is made up of four chemical bases namely, adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) and thymine (T). Our body consists of about 3 billion bases and almost everyone has 99 percent of the same bases. Some organizations such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation, uses DNA and to help find and convict criminals. It is time-consuming to check and match DNA samples, but this can help the authorities to apprehend the real culprit.
Recent research has shown DNA as a medium for large-scale computation system. One potential key application is DNA based cryptography. A large number of researcher groups take initiative to implement DNA concept in applications like cryptography, scheduling, clustering, forecasting and even trying to apply this in signal and image processing applications [3]. DNA computing is more generally known as molecular computing. Computing with DNA, offers a completely new paradigm for computation.
It is extremely difficult as we think of it as the biological principal code. But Lennox emphasizes that to think of DNA as a straightforward code that simply gets translated into biological structure is very much an oversimplification. Science is learning that DNA, and its relationship to proteins, is much more interesting and complicated than this. Lennox describes some of the relevant issues. Science is learning about the ability of genes to switch on or off.
The life on our planet exists in various forms which are presented in all possible colors, shapes and sizes; however, none of these would be even possible without the complexity of a tool designed by nature which allows different species of living organisms to cohabit the Eartha for millenniums. In other words, we would not be able to observe the beauty of nature, painted in such vivid colors nor there would be us without involvedness of DNA. Today we know that the DNA molecule is responsible for genetic information to be passed on to the next generation of all living forms so that it remains its existence with the functions and abilities of its ancestors which are necessary for survival. The complexity of the DNA molecule is truly one of the most captivating subjects to study, because the knowledge of DNA and its functions opens the door to our
The sequence of the bases provides the information, so the DNA is like the hard
DNA is a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosome. Genomes are the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism’s
DNA is translated to Deoxyribonucleic acid and it consists of only 4 nitrogen bases. DNA makes up the blueprints for all characteristics in all living things, the 4 bases are Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and thymine. Organisms like bacteria, humans and even dinosaurs have the same DNA system as a genetic code which proves another point of evidence that all life came from a single common ancestor. Species that are similar or closely related are on the phylogenetic tree of life which have their DNA sequences overlap. Technology has been improving more and more with each day passing and that has allowed scientists to not only map out an entire genome of many species but are now able to compare those maps as well.
DNA in Forensic Science DNA is the carrier of genetic information in humans and other living organisms. It has become a very useful tool in forensic science since it was discovered. In forensic science, DNA testing is used to compare the genetic structure of two individuals to establish whether there is a genetic relationship between them. One example of the use of DNA in forensic science that is important in biology today is comparing a suspect’s DNA profile to DNA that was discovered at a crime scene.
3. What are the features that distinguish RNA from DNA? - DNA is deoxyribose nucleic acid and RNA is a ribose nucleic acid. RNA has uracil as a nucleic acid base and DNA has thymine as a nucleic acid base - . DNA is double stranded and RNA is single stranded.
