Question 1
The major objectives of waste management in South Africa in terms of Minimum Requirements for the Handling, Classification and Disposal of Hazardous Wastes To support the avoidance of re-use, recycling and treatment of waste. To create a classification of waste which will be according to the risks it poses. To supply graded Minimum Requirements to the controlling authorities, generators and transporters so that waste and especially Hazardous waste can be continuously controlled from generation until it’s disposed safely. To avoid any Hazardous waste polluting the environment. To ensure that the issuing of waste disposal site permits are managed and administrated.
Question 2 Waste Management Hierarchy (Minimum Requirements for the Handling, Classification and Disposal of Hazardous Wastes) Waste Prevention- To prevent and also avoid the production of certain hazardous wastes and also hazardous substance. Waste minimisation- To reduce the volume of waste economically during production using different processes or clean technology. Resource recovery- To recover the energy through incineration and bio-degradation. Waste treatment- Treating waste to reduce its volume and also any hazardousness. Waste disposal- To dispose waste in a safe and environmental friendly manner.
Question 3
According to Science direct (n.d.), Solid waste management challenges for the cities’ authorities in developing countries are:- The increase in population which increases the
Id. Because of the vast population of people living in these cities, any mismanagement of the waste could lead to catastrophic results. Further, without a holistic system in place in these cities, the system could be abused, manipulated, and exploited. But by running the only facilities in these cities, the state can effectively manage the system for the benefit of all.
During the process of incineration, the waste materials are converted into ash while producing gases and heat, which can be used to generate electricity. Among various methods of burning waste, incineration comes with several benefits. First of all, incineration reduces the mass of waste by approximately 95%, thus making it a better alternative in comparison to dumping into landfills, considering the current shortages of land. Also, when people are disposing of possibly life-threatening waste such as used medical materials, incineration is more beneficial as toxins can be destroyed with high temperature. Thus, incineration is a popular solution to treat waste materials especially in European Union countries such as Sweden and
The waste contains poisonous elements such as plutonium. Low level waste is when the item used as fuel is contaminated or becomes radioactive. Also when material would be exposed to neutron radiation. High Level waste is the byproduct left inside the reactor after the nuclear reactions occur. This byproduct is more radioactive and takes longer to dispose of.
By incineration , some environment friendly hazardous organic substances in the e-waste are converted into less hazardous substances. Besides all, it is a problematic process because they are very dangerous to the living beings. The incinerators contribute to the emission of cadmium and mercury, which are detrimental to human health. Incinerators causes instability in the ecosystem; the overwhelming metals are transformed to slag and fumes deposits which can return to the environment again. Unlike incineration , recycling of e-waste reduces the amount of greenhouse gas emissions caused by the manufacture of new products.
The disposal of hazardous waste materials has a long-term effect on the environment. Plants, animals and human beings are all affected by this waste disposal. Different types of hazardous waste materials include pesticides, carcinogens, paints, solvents, teratogenic compounds, etc. Proper treatment of these wastes before disposal is the solution to this
Any organisational function that uses ionizing radiation is subject to safety requirements to ensure the protection of people who could be exposed as a result of the function. The requirements applied in Australia originate from the Basic Safety Standards (BSS) for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources, issued by the International Atomic Energy Agency, as Safety Series 115. The standards stipulate requirements for notification of the Regulatory Authority of the intention to undertake a practice, and for authorization by licensing. The role of the Regulatory Authority in Australia is carried out by Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA) (ARPANSA 1998). The Department of Defence
DELEGATION
Delegation in nursing helps the administrators to concentrate on on other managerial functions, and delegating the nursing job to the staff nurses.
It increases the quality of nursing care because more hands are involved in rendering the services.
It enables the staff nurses to improve and expand their skills and knowledge.
“If you believe that recycling is good for the planet and that we need to do more of it, then there’s a crisis to confront,” stated David P. Steiner, the chief executive officer of Waste Management, the largest recycler of everyday trash in the United States (Tierney 1). Most people assume that recycling is excellent for the environment and reduces the amount of greenhouse gases released into the air. They believe that it also reduces the amount of waste we throw out. Others object that thought and say that recycling is not reducing greenhouse gases. They speculate that it is harmful the ecosystem.
Part 1
1. Living in the United States, there is no doubt that pollution is a main issue that every individual witnesses every single day. Since I attend college in a major city, pollution is something that I have witnessed first-hand. However in the United States, although air, water and odor pollution are very common, another type of pollution has incrementally increased and plagued the environment. Waste pollution is an issue that has raised a lot of concern.
Meanwhile, the methods of waste disposal have improved over time. Also, that getting rid of garbage is quickly becoming a big problem due to our methods of waste disposal are only a temporary solution. Moreover; the waste that can’t decompose
Waste Management Inc
Is a company that is try to achieve a “zero waste’ in North America. It was founded in 1971 by Wayne Huizenga and Dean Buntrock. They provide services for:
• Waste
• Recyclables
• Yard debris
• Hazardous materials collection,
• Hauling, treatment and disposal
• Dumpster rental
• Portable toilet rental
• Security services
Every day we bag and throw away our trash, but never really think about where it
actually goes. The trash is emptied into the garbage trucks back where the worker throws it and it
is compressed. The garbage has this stop called the “transfer station” (Rogers 188) which
unloads it. According to the author of the essay Heather Rogers in “The Hidden Life of Garbage”
(188), landfills and trash that are building every day are making the environment polluted, which
is truly astonishing.
(The World Counts, 2018).
The 3Rs, that is reuse, reduce and recycle (it’s also known as going green) are ways how people can better manage and minimize their consumption and wastage. Some people add to this three; Bea Johnson adds two more; refuse, and rot (McHugh, 2018),refers to it as zero waste (McHugh, 2018). Others have omitted one of them.
Industrial and capital hubs in developing countries are similarly characterized by multiple urban sprawls, informal settlements and overcrowding. The local governments or municipalities in many developing countries are highly challenged by mainly poor or weak policy and legislative provisions to regulate and enforce waste management guidelines. They also lack adequate funding and the correct capacity in terms of waste management personnel. All these challenges lead to situations where these local authorities are failing to take effective decisions with regards to solid waste management. It is worth noting that the decisions which municipalities are facing in terms of managing solid waste are not only difficult and capital intensive but they impact greatly on the natural environment as well as on social lives of people, therefore solutions to this issue are a matter of
