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Lifespan Development Theory

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Lifespan is an extension to development psychology from the moment we are conceived, until the day we die, we are continually developing and altering, although nearly all the changes we go through are due to coincidental incidents and individual choices ("Lifespan Development Introduction and Information", 2018). The clear majority in life changes and the stages we go through are linked to common biological and psychological culture as human beings this is shared by all individuals. In this report it will show the case study created in appendix one informing how development psychology is linked, and the theories psychologist believed contributed to the transitions through life.
Psychologist study the behaviour and mental processes …show more content…

Due to Anna not attending school regularly and missing part of her education this transition would not have happened impacting her later in life, unlike Vygotsky’s (1934) theory Jean piaget (1896-1980) based his theory on four stages of cognitive development Anna would have been in the formal operational stage, where at this point of transition teenagers consider to think about ethical, social and political views where hypothetical reasoning is needed (Cherry, 2017).Erik Erikson (1902-1994) theory of lifespan development would conclude anna’s transition from childhood to adulthood would be the stage of intimacy versus isolation, Erikson (1994) believed young grown-ups whose personalities are weak or shapeless will continue in shallow relationships and will practice a sense of segregation or loneliness consistent with Erikson’s (1994) theory anna had suffered isolation as a child and this continued on into annas lifespan where she entered into an abusive relationship this stage in Erikson’s (1994) theory of intimacy versus isolation, as also proved with this theory of stages anna would continue into the generativity versus stagnation which …show more content…

This transition did not go smoothly for Dave as he was neglected by his parents and fended for himself and later taken into foster care. The link to Bowlby’s (1990) theory is dave continued to follow this development pattern showing being unloved and rejected by his main caregivers at an early age resulted in him avoiding any attachment with others as he reached adolescents. Unlike Bowlby’s (1990) theory Sigmund Freud (1939) stated his greatest noteworthy conclusion was behaviour is ruled equally by conscious and unconscious developments through five psychosexual stages that did not cover the whole lifespan (Boyd & Bee, 2012) pages 24.Erikson (1994) know as neo-Freudians projected thoughts that completed strength of Freud’s (1939) theory but his concept is linked to psychosocial stages in comparison to psychosexual ones, he alleged that development continued through the whole lifespan. Linked to Erikson’s (1994) stages of development Dave entered identity versus role confusion aged thirteen years, he alleged youths will

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The principle of development and aging as a continual process of life is the understanding that a person’s behavior cannot be attributed to one time during a person’s life course and that all areas of a person’s life course have an impact (Schmalleger, 2012). One of the central organizing principles of the perspective is the link between human lives and social relationships with friends and family across a person’s life span. These relationships have considerable influence on a person’s life course (Schmalleger,

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Erikson was highly influenced by Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytical Theory of Development. Although, at first Freud was limited to childhood based on the phallic stage, Erikson focused on developing a lifespan theory. The eight stages are as followed: Trust vs. Mistrust (infancy): The basic and fundamental psychological task is for infants to develop a sense that their needs will be met by the outside world. Is their caregiver responsive, reliable, and willing to meet their needs? That basic trust is facilitated by a responsive caregiver once an infant gets hungry, injured, or needs to be changed.

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Erikson’s developmental stages consist of the age during the stages, and what the person goes through during that stage. Erikson puts social and cultural aspects into Freud's biological and sexual theory. Each stage has its conflict and the person must find the balance in between the two

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Sigmund Freud and his theories on childhood development were extremely popular and widely accepted all the way up until the 1960s (Felluga). Freud put great emphasis on the impact early childhood development had on becoming a well-adjusted adult. He claims, “The structure of the psyche receives its final form during childhood, specifically at the time of the Oedipus complex” (U. of California). This complex is essential in identifying with either the mother or father, in order to establish sexual orientation (Felluga). During this stage, from ages 4-7, the child finds ways to deal with separation anxiety, and it is also the time that the ego fully matures into the superego: “an internalization of the parental function that eventually manifested itself in your conscience” (Cherry).

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Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Human development changes throughout a lifespan and those changes include, physical, cognitive, social, and emotional changes between birth and adulthood. This paper reflects my own personal changes and focuses specifically on the changes concerning both cognitive development and psychosocial development. Cognitive development involves the mental mind and allows for reasoning and the ability to make decisions, based on logic and reason, to take place. Once individuals reach the age to reason, the maturity levels and past experiences shifts to concrete operational thinking.

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It starts with infancy and continues to adulthood. By gaining knowledge about child development, a synopsis of what children can do at various ages can be formed. Following are the three theoretical perspectives of child development: i. Maturationist’s View of Child Development : Maturationism is a premature childhood educational philosophy emphasizing the child as a growing individual in which knowledge exists. Based on Arnold Gessell’s work, maturationists suggest that “genetic factors play a bigger role in development than environmental ones” [8].

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Key Person in Lifespan Development: Erik Erikson Erik Erikson was a fundamental person who expressed his ideas of lifespan development occurring from birth to death. Erik Erikson, the son of Karla Abrahamen and a father whose name remain unknown (Psyography: Biographies on Psychologists, n.d.) studied at various schools studying arts and language. He became the first child analysts during his attendance at Harvard Medical School. (Sharkey, 1997). Also, he was employed in various educational schools.

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Several themes are demonstrated in the course of lifespan development. Although each child develops individually, common themes can be seen throughout the development. The following are explanations of four universal themes of human development, including the continuity-discontinuity issue, nature versus nurture, the active-passive issue, and the development across domains issue, and how my personal experiences relate to the understanding of each theme. Early Development is Related to Later Development but Not Perfectly Shaffer and Kipp (2010) describe a pervasive theme in lifespan development, in which our early development during infancy and childhood correlates to how we later develop as adults, known as the continuity-discontinuity issue.

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Though, there are few similarities of Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory and Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory, the major differences of the stages and the developmental issues that are explained in both the theories. The reason for this is that each theorist believed in his own experiences and ideas for the development. The main differences are that while Freud’s theory is mainly developed on the psychosexual changes, Erickson’s theory describes the effects of social experiences on an individual during his or her lifespan (Flannagan, 1999). Freud's stages of psychosexual development consist of five stages. Freud's five stages only went to the age of eighteen, whereas Erikson believed that personality develops throughout the entire life of an individual and for this reason his eight stages go

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The life span of an individual goes through developmental stages in life, from conception to death. The majority of the stages we pass are biological, socio-economical and psychological birth rights. This essay will focus on the two stages, drawn from the eight stages of Erikson Theory, namely: Trust vs Mistrust and Generativity vs Stagnation. The essay will further discuss authoritative parenting and attachment styles. The eight stages which a healthy person should undergo from infancy to late adulthood, are built on the success of mastering the previous stage.

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