Behaviorism: Classical And Operant Condition

This is a second assignment of developmental psychology. In this assignment based on the major two theories of behaviorism. In this assignment I will give a brief explanation of behaviorism and its major two theories classical and operant condition and their sub theories and also how these theories using a educational field and a conclusion.

The behaviorist influence was stronger during the early 20th-century as it is today. Instead, behaviorism strove to make psychology a more focusing on scientific discipline and purely on observable behavior. Behaviorism had start with earliest Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov’s. . He confirmed that his learning process could be used to make a relation of environmental stimulus and naturally occurring stimulus.

They are classical conditioning and operant conditioning.

Principles Classical condition

In classical conditioning Pavlov did the experiment of, his dog. In his experiment he presents the food first. The dog would naturally salivate. Then, he began to present food to his dogs only after ringing a bell. This combination of bell with food went on for a while until Pavlov found that the bell, presented alone without food, also made his dogs salivate.

In Ivan Pavlov experiment the food is called the unconditioned stimulus. The natural response of the dog, salivate, is called the unconditioned response. Therefore Unconditioned means naturally occurring before the experiment. Then Pavlov rings a bell to his experiment. A bell by itself is just a stimulus, and for Pavlov's dogs, the sound of a bell was not to any particular meaning. Once the bell was rung with the presentation of food over and over again, the bell became a stimulus for salivating. The bell became a conditioned stimulus. It was a signal to the dog that the food was coming. Salivation to the sound of the bell was a response that was conditioned to happen. Hence, that salivation was the conditioned response.

If students receive awards for writing short stories, students be more likely to increase the frequency of writing short stories.

The teacher teaches in a class student makes loud noise by hitting the table in a ruler. Then the teacher will decide to take the ruler for sometimes. Taking ruler helps avoid negative action of dealing with the noise. Sometime open a window in our home. However, we are not happy with the noise from the traffic. Then we decide to turn on the radio and listen to music. This makes the traffic noise less noticeable. The frequency in which we turn on the radio when the window is open has increased. This would be an example of negative reinforcement. (Borkar, 2014)

Punishment is an unpleasant event that causes a decrease in the behavior. There are two kinds of punishment. They are positive and negative punishment. Positive punishment is sometimes referred to as punishment by application, involves the presentation of an unfavorable event in order to weaken the response it. Negative punishment is removal, occurs when a favorable event is removed after a behavior occurs. In here both positive and negative punishment can decrease the behavior.