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Developmental Theory Of Crime

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Criminologists have long been studying why criminals do what they do and why they commit crime. The developmental theory is one of the many theories floating around and was first brought up Sheldon and Glauak, who are considered the founders of this theory (Siegel, 2012). Criminologists Sampson and Laub later brought up the theory back in 1990 after a thirty-year hiatus, to reanalyze the data first collected by the founders of the theory to determine it’s validity. Under the developmental theory fall under three main concepts and viewpoints; life course, latent traits and trajectories, which all tie into the idea of social implications can play a role in criminal behavior. The developmental theory’s main concept is how people can develop and
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This theory clearly rules out the effect of inherited or innate factors, and the last is the cognitive theory, which is based on how the perception of an individual is manifested into affecting his or her potential and capability to commit a crime. (Psychological theories of crime) Relating these theories to the case under study, it’s clear that the behaviour can be traced most times to faulty relationships in the family during the first years of

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Edwin H. Sutherland was the first theorist of the 20th Century to argue that criminal behavior was learned at the macro and micro levels (Bohm & Vogel, 2011). Sutherland’s theory lists nine components and they are used to explain street crimes as well as white-collar crimes, the term that he coined. The first component of his theory is that criminal behavior is learned, not inherited (Bohm & Vogel, 2011). I agree with Sutherland’s first theory that criminal behavior is learned, not inherited. I do believe that starting at any early age; children are predisposed to criminal behavior by watching their parents or friends act in criminal ways.

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Developmental theories are different from integrated theories because they focus on individual development (Bohm & Vogel, 2011). Developmental theorists believe that certain factors in a person’s life will lead them to commit crime at different points in their life, regardless of their upbringing. As a child, coming from a family with strong morals and values, they will have the strong upbringing that will more than likely keep them from delinquency. As a person grows from a child to adolescence, peers play a major factor in if a person chooses delinquency and even drug use. As a person grows into adulthood, their livelihood and relationship with a significant other are contributing factors in determining if a person chooses to act in delinquent ways.

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Our perception on what is morally acceptable has changed with the times, when it comes to nature vs. nurture. In the caveman ages killing anything, human or not, simply meant survival, not brutality. With the growth of civil rights, and our country as a whole, it becomes important that civilians do all they have the power to with crime in their area, but what is that? Knowing what, if any power the average civilian has, allows the community to draw more attention to talking about mental illness, nature vs. nurture, and crime in general. The more openly topics like this are talked about, the less of a cliche they become.

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Life-course theory refers to the study of people’s lives. This approach examines certain principles in one’s life cycle which ultimately influences their criminal behavior or lack thereof. These principles primary focus on age. Although Life-course theories and biosocial theories emphasis similar factors, biosocial theories center around the idea that criminals are biologically different rather than center on an individual’s life experiences. Similar to all theories, the Life-course theory possess strengths and weaknesses compared to other integrated perspectives which in due course reinforces the theory.

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proven as an effective theory (Akers 1998, 200; Agnew, 2005). The general theory of crime and delinquency shares some of the strengths of social learning theory except this specific theory focuses on a bigger picture of what causes crime and is showed through what Agnew refers as life domains (Akers 1998, 200; Agnew, 2005). The theory also focuses on risk factors and explains how people go through these risk factors across their lifetime (Agnew, 2005). The weaknesses of this theory is that it lacks empirical testing just like the labeling theory but a strength is that social learning theory, deterrence theory, rational choice theory, and Thornberry’s interactional theory of delinquency have been empirically tested which supports this theory

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Today, there are proven facts that people who have parents that are criminals have a high chance of becoming criminals themselves. Not only can people become criminals because of their family but they can also become criminals because of the environment that they surround themselves in. This is where nature versus nurture comes into play. A person’s nature is their genetic makeup, basically meaning that a person’s nature is the genes they get from their parents. Also, a person’s genotype, one’s genetic makeup based on the sequencing of the nucleotides we term, provides them with physical traits that set the stage for certain behaviors (56).

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Chapter VII talks about Glenn Walters’s “Lifestyle Theory”. The lifestyle theory generally explains that criminal behavior is part of the patterns of human life and choice. Criminal behavior is all perceived through their morally, corrupted mind. Chapter X talks about Robert Agnew’s “Super Traits Theory or General Theory”. The super traits theory generally explains five life provinces that is possibly the cause for crime.

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Developmental psychology is a scientific approach that describes growth, change and coherence throughout life. Developmental psychology looks at how one's thoughts, feelings and behavior change throughout his or her life. An important part of the theories within this discipline focus on development in childhood; because it is the time that elapses throughout the life of the individual when the most change occurs. Developmental psychologists examine broad theoretical domains such as biological, social, emotional, and cognitive processes. Prenatal development refers to the process of development of a baby from a single cell after pregnancy to embryo and then to a fetüs.

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Is it the genetic makeup of an individual that’s responsible for making them a criminal or is it the environment that determines one’s criminality? Over many years of research, there have been many studies that focused on biological factors, environmental factors or both at the same time. Numerous studies have suggested that both genes and environment are important when it comes to an individual’s criminal behavior. This conclusion comes from various family, twin and adoption studies along with theories derived from experiments. Also, some of the research shows a vast amount of evidence that the two factors interact.

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These traits play a big role in a person's behavior and attitude, and that can be seen when looking at a criminal's personality. Criminal's may have inherited traits that cause them to be violent, short tempered, or even just what they like can cause them to commit a crime. Now let's look at the nurture side of a criminal's development. When we are talked about an individual's environment, we are not just talking about where they live. We are talking about what type of parents someone had, and whether the parents were loving and affection it, or were they cold and neglectful.

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So, in this assignment I am going to talk about the four major developmental theories which focused on the development of the human. And also the relationship between the development theories and the learning and how to apply those theories on the real world teaching. The Four Major Developmental Theories It is very important

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It looks at how social disorganization leads to the crime, committed by juveniles and how parents and families influence their children’s behavior. Delinquency areas have lower levels of social control over their youths. Children do not listen to their parents. The findings of the theory dictates that parents often encourage rather than discourage criminal behavior.

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