and deals with nature whereas; religion is based upon belief and deals with god. The view of independence between science and religion may be cited by the idea of NOMA (Non-overlapping Magisteria) – a concept brought by Stephen Jay Gould which states that science and religion are two mutually independent realms. More specifically, science occupies the empirical realm of fact and theory whereas, religion deals with ultimate meaning, purpose and moral values (John Loftus, 2006).

The USA 's National Academy of Science supports the view that science and religion are independent. Science and religion are based on different aspects of human experience. In science, explanations must be based on evidence drawn from examining the natural world. Observations and experiments based on scientific methods that conflict with an explanation eventually must lead to modification or even abandonment of that explanation. Religious faith, in contrast, does not depend on empirical evidence, and is not necessarily modified in the face of conflicting evidence but typically involves supernatural forces or entities. Because they are not a part of nature, supernatural entities cannot be investigated by science. In this sense, science and religion are separate and address aspects of human understanding in different ways .

According to Barbour, science and theology can be integrated with each other. Integration model suggests that science and theology may be combined to create a more coherent view