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Disadvantages Of Rehabilitation State Prison

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Custody sentences are for punishment, rehabilitation and education, however, there are different views to youth imprisonment. Some critics say if you commit a crime you should take responsibility and jail will give you a ‘short sharp shock’ and you will receive rehabilitation. Whilst some say it is damaging to children and would lead to further reoffending once they are out due to learning crimes off other criminals. Evidence does suggest that children who have more than one risk factor present are more than likely to be involved in criminal activities (Hopkins Burke, 2016 p. 232). There are three penal institutions sometimes called secure estates - local authority secure children's homes, secure training centres and young offender’s institutes. …show more content…

However, crimes are committed whilst in prison, such as drugs and assaults. Some critics say the ‘three strikes and you are out’ law where repeat offenders get a longer sentence are wrong, as the third strike could be a lesser crime such as public disorder. Nevertheless, if just incapacitation and no rehabilitation some critics say will be costlier to society as they will go out and reoffend and, they are not employed and pay taxes. Rehabilitation is also a punishment which should improve the offender's behaviour and stop them committing crimes. Advocates of rehabilitation state prison does not work; however, critics of rehabilitation state prison does work as the criminal cannot commit a crime against the public while incarcerated (Cavadino, 2007 p 36/56). Detention and training orders came into force in 2000, this is a two-part sentence with first part in custody and second part back in the community under supervision. This is supposed to give the youth support on release and more positive reintroduction back in to society. Part of rehabilitation are interventions such as, offending behaviour programmes, target neighbourhood prevention programs, mentoring, restorative justice, and intense supervision and surveillance programs under youth offending teams. However, this could lead to the child being labelled and could make matters worse (Burke, 2016 pp 225/256). Incapacitation and rehabilitation are linked to the positive school - predestined actor from the late 19th century. Where external and internal factors play a part and they are fated to be a criminal. The scientific grounds are offenders and people who have not yet offended can be given help, and they can be diagnosed by experts and receive treatment needed to not offend (Cavadino, 2007

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Not only does Berstein call for an overall reform of this nation’s juvenile prisons, she goes as far as saying the practice of locking up youth is in need of a “more profound than incremental and partial reform” (13). The fact that Bernstein outlines the numerous failed strategies and goals of this practice with her compelling use of studies and statistics is enough to promote an audience to reject the practice of locking up youth. The statistic she shares that “four out of five juvenile parolees [will be] back behind bars within three years of release” as well as the studies she conducted on numerous instances when a guards abuse of power lead to the death of a child work to further prove her point: being that “institution[s] as intrinsically destructive as the juvenile prison” have no place in a modern society (13, 83). Bernstein refutes this false sense effectiveness further by sharing her own ideas on what she believes works as a much more humane solution to rehabilitating

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The deterrence theory suggests that “the severity of criminal sanctions dissuades other potential offenders from committing crimes out of fear of punishment. ”4 That is applicable to the individuals that are punished and to people in the community. Nevertheless, prison’s effectiveness is often questioned as an effective deterrent to crime. Studies have shown that longer sentences have a small effect on whether offenders commit crimes or not, and the National Academy of Sciences determined that “insufficient evidence exists to justify predicating policy choices on the general assumption that harsher punishments yield measurable deterrent effects.

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This is despite evidence that treating offenders as adults at such a young age can have damaging long term effects. Juvenile imprisonment increases the risk of the child becoming a repeat offender or recidivist. If these children are housed with criminals they desensitize to crime. They also learn new adult ways of committing crimes, “Cain in 1996 examined the criminal histories of the 52,935 children who appeared in New South Wales” courts between 1986 and 1994. One discovery that she made was, – “70% of offenders appeared in a children’s court only once and that 30% re-offended” (Hutchinson, 2006).

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First you hate them, then you get used to them. Enough time passes, you get so you depend on them. That 's institutionalized.’ A prison should aim at retribution, incapacitation, deterrence and rehabilitation. I am very well convinced that prison has served its first three purposes by depriving offenders’ freedom, but the

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Incarcerating youth for drug offences is an incredible detriment to their lives and can end up having permanent effects. By removing a juvenile from society and locking them in prison you are taking away their lives, their family and friends, and everything they had every known. Juveniles are often subject to harsh facilities and exposure to adult criminals who can foster the juveniles into worse criminals than they were to begin with. Likewise incarcerating youth exposes them to violence form their peers and abuse from those in charge of them. Incarcerating youth is effectively demoralizing them.

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The author presented good points when it comes to the issues with placing juveniles in secure confinement. When placing these juveniles into confined locations it can sometimes set them up for failure and the chance of rehabilitation is slim to none. In the text it mentions issues these kids face by being in a secure facility, the issues consists of not being properly handled to due undertrained staff , not having enough staff to monitor the kids, and keeping the kids away from the adult offenders if they are placed in that type of facility. These issues and others have been known to cause depression, suicide/suicide attempts, rape, and other horrible things to happen to the kids.

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