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Early Middle Ages Dbq

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The mighty Roman Empire was divided for easier control in 285 CE by emperor Diocletian. The wealthy eastern empire lived on as the Byzantine Empire, while the western half declined into the middle ages from 500-1500 CE. In an attempt to revive the Holy Roman Empire, the Frankish Empire emerges, ruled most importantly by Charlemagne. In this time period, the Church was able to become higher than the state with a partnership between the pope and the emperor. The Frankish Empire lasted 35 years after Charlemagne’s death, but his three grandsons went to war over who the successor of the Frankish empire was. The Treaty of Verdun in 843 divided the empire into three parts, ending the conflict over the land between the three. Soon, many attacks from …show more content…

The economic situation in the Early Middle Ages consisted of harsh, unfavorable laws regarding economics. Laws on the worth, and exchange of currency, and the penalties for breaking them were very severe and regarded to as unfair. One particular law regarding the legality of coinage states, “If anyone refuses to negotiate a purchase or a sale, they can bring the case before the king….if they are servile and they own a business, let them lose the business, or be stripped and publicly beaten in the presence of people” (Doc E). During this time people would resist the new currency, and chose to barter goods as a form of payment. Without a circulation of currency, there is no strong economy, which is crucial in order to have a modern society. A major reason that Europe began the escape from the Dark Ages by the High Middle Ages was the improvement in their economy. By 1300 there was lots of trading in Europe for example, Italian states trading with northern states and Spanish states trading towards the silk roads (Doc F). Trade changed from being bason on manorial systems to being city-based, widespread trade. The trade routes allowed cities and towns to spring up along them and soon Europe was involved in intra-continental trade, which at long last ended the Dark

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This was a result of the constant invasions from the Vikings, Muslims, and Magyars; kings couldn't defend their lands and people no longer looked to a central ruler for security (Doc 7). The Northmen, Vikings, plundered, then burned, towns; most of Europe was an easy target after Rome fell. Also, Charlemagne's three feuding grandsons broke apart Europe and defense became weak (Doc 8). The following reasons support the Dark Ages as being the best label to describe the medieval

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This area remained in Roman possession until the Franks (Germanic Franks) invaded in the 5th century and took ahold of France. Clovis, the king of the Franks, converted to Christianity and this in turn brought unity and stability to the nation. This unity didn’t last forever, because when Charlemagne died the kingdom was divided. His three grandsons ruled the different sections of the Frankish kingdom. The hundred years war started in 1337 and lasted until 1443.

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Eventually the Roman empire grew to a size that could no longer be easily maintained and outer provinces began to lack order. When this came to Diocletian’s attention, he decided it would be best to split rome into the East and West because it couldn’t be effectively ruled by one man anymore. He kept the eastern part to himself because it was richer in resources and he anointed Maximian with power over the west. This split maintained until a civil war broke out in 306 and Constantine claimed ultimate victory, bringing the empire together under the rule of one emperor. When Constantine passed away, his three sons fought for the reigns and ended up dividing the empire into three part until one son, Valentinian, came out as the victor.

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As the Roman Empire began to crumble, kingdoms began to take control of Europe. These kingdoms flourished into large countries with sophisticated governments. But, economic and political struggles came to a front at the beginning of the late Middle Ages. A division rose between Western and Eastern Europe even though the two had similar origins. The eastern half followed the principles of the Byzantine Empire, while the western half stuck to its imperial Roman roots.

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Shorter answers: Question 1: If I was a random person living in Europe at the end of the Late Middle Ages, my opinion of the Catholic Church would probably be bad. I say this because the Catholic Church was in the middle of a crisis causing their reputation to decline majorly. Some of the reasons that caused their reputation to decline so badly would include Pope Celestine V being elected and then months later he resigns, which has never really happened before and leads to the question can a pope resign? Another event that happen was the election of Pope Boniface VIII which caused a conflict with the king of France because Pope Boniface refused to let King Philip IV tax the Clergy causing conflict between theories of papal Monarchy and secular

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The remains of the Holy Roman Empire were divided into areas that would be governed by the people, soon leading to rivalries

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For instance, the Normans, also known as the Vikings, the emperor Justinian had taken control over Sicily and bits of Italy, where the area was then recognized as the Byzantine Empire. The rest of the area was under German rule in the Lombard Kingdom. Although at some points in Italy’s history such as, the Roman Republic and Empire, the land was under the same rule, where the land was all in cohesion rather than confined. Following the divide of two sectional empires, the land had been divided into city-states; within these boundaries of these new states, they had all been ruled by a different invading emperor. In 770 the majority of Italy was ruled by the Frankish king Charlemagne, his coverage of conquer would not stand for long, it had later been sectioned off into three main areas.

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Rome 455, Geiserics forces sack the city killing the last of the garrisoned legions and killing the Emperor of the west roman for the final time, however its people were spared of a mass slaughter. Further the governing body the senate was spared and there were still allowed to govern. Geiseric then declared himself king of the romans of all things, he even voluntarily made himself subordinate to the emperor of the east, commonly know as the Byzantines. This event is deemed the “Fall of the Rome empire” most say this is the time rome was destroyed, or at least that the east was the last hold out. First I’d like to state that in my personal belief truly rome was just split up into its provinces, like how the province of Italia is now Italy, or how the province of Britannia is now Britain, etc.

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